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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Sarpa: Spanish, sarpo, sapo = toad; a toad-fish (1753) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 5 - 70 m (Ref. 3688). Subtropical; 45°N - 40°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay and Strait of Gibraltar to Sierra Leone, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde; Congo to South Africa. Also present in the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 16.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4781)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11 - 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 14 - 17; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 13 - 15. Black spot at the pectoral fin base. Body relatively slender with 10 golden longitudinal stripes (Ref. 35388).
Found over rocky substrates and sandy area with algal growth. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Young mainly carnivorous on crustaceans, adults almost exclusively herbivorous (Ref. 4781), feed on seaweeds (Ref. 36731). Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 4781). Tasty when fresh, but easily softens and is not much esteemed (Ref. 3198).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at 25.0 cm TL and 3.75 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم; طعم: occasionally
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 24, mean 18.8 °C (based on 232 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01089 - 0.01328), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (tmax=15; tm=2; K=0.20-.027;).
Prior r = 0.30, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.45, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64 [31, 129] mg/100g; Iron = 0.921 [0.492, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.129, 0.524] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [13.5, 56.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [3.3, 38.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.88, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
