分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes)
鱘形目 (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
鱘科 (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 100 m. 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 61°N - 36°N, 13°E - 54°E
Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Azov and Aegean Seas, ascending rivers to spawn. Occurrence in Albania needs confirmation. Introduced in Aral Sea. Artificially propagated (Ref. 6866). Probably extirpated from Aegean Sea and related river basins (Ref. 113969).
歐洲，前蘇聯與亞洲: 黑海、亞速海與裡海的流域; 稀有的在亞得里亞海。 狀態中間物; 人工地繁殖。 (參考文獻 6866) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2). 也許滅絕在愛琴海.(參考文獻 42845)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 120 - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 98365); common length : 125 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 80.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年齡: 29 年 (Ref. 126409)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 40 - 46; 臀鰭軟條: 24 - 29. Snout long, pointed at tip. Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center. Barbels short not reaching mouth but nearer to it than to tip of snout. Five rows of scutes, dorsal 11-14, lateral 30-36 on each side, ventral 10-11 on each side, with small bony stellate plates and smaller grains between main scute rows. Back dark grey to almost black, flanks lighter, belly white.
吻長的, 頂端尖的。 下唇不是連續, 在中心中斷。 觸鬚短不達到嘴但是較接近它超過對吻尖。 五個列的鱗甲, 背部的 11-14, 側面的 30-36 在兩邊 , 在兩邊上的腹面 10-11 上, 有小的在主要的鱗甲列之間的多骨星形的碟與較小的穀粒。 背面深灰色的到幾乎黑色的﹐側面顏色較淡﹐和腹部白色的。
At the sea, it occurs in coastal and estuarine zones and forages on the bottom mostly on clayey sand and intensively in the middle and upper water layers (Ref. 59043). Found mainly near shore over sand and mud, stays at the bottom during the day and rises to the surface to feed at night. Feeds mainly on fish, also mollusks, crustaceans and worms (Ref. 3193). Spawns in strong-current habitats in main course of large and deep rivers, on stone or gravel bottom. Spawning also takes place on flooded river banks and if gravel bottom is not available, on sand or sandy clay. Juveniles stay in shallow riverine habitats during first summer (Ref. 59043). One of the three most important species for caviar; also utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Overfishing at the sea for meat and caviar will soon cause extinction of the natural populations and their survival can only depend on stocking (Ref. 59043).
主要地發現在沙子與泥上的近岸, 在白天期間停留在底部而且在晚上上升到水表覓食。 主要吃魚，也捕食軟體動物，甲殼動物與蠕蟲。 (參考文獻 3193) 為魚子醬的這三個之一最重要的種; 也生鮮利用與冷凍; 吃油鍋炸的, 火烤的與燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
歐洲，前蘇聯與亞洲: 黑海、亞速海與裡海的流域; 稀有的在亞得里亞海。 狀態中間物; 人工地繁殖。 (參考文獻 6866) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2). 也許滅絕在愛琴海.(參考文獻 42845)
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
極危 (CR) (A2bcde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.6 - 15.9, mean 13.1 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00330 - 0.00874), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06; tm=9; tmax=29; Fec=20,000-360,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.8 [10.4, 28.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.271 [0.168, 0.429] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.3, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.385 [0.222, 0.665] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [13.0, 45.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.05 [1.55, 10.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.409 [0.299, 0.552] mg/100g (wet weight);
