分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 290 m (Ref. 50550). 極; 77°N - 39°N, 35°E - 123°W
North Pacific and Arctic: Wonsan, North Korea and the Sea of Okhotsk to Barkley Sound, British Columbia, north to the Bering Sea and the Arctic (Ref. 6793). Estuaries and coastal waters of European and Siberian shores of Arctic ocean from White Sea to Chukota in eastern Siberia (Ref. 59043).
北太平洋: 到 Barkley 聲音, 卑詩省的 Wonsan, 北韓與鄂霍次克海,北至白令海與北極圈。 也從白海.(參考文獻 10281)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 15.0, range 14 - 16 cm
Max length : 34.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 14.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 119.00 g (Ref. 56483); 最大年龄: 11 年 (Ref. 59043)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 8 - 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 16; 脊椎骨: 63 - 68. Adipose small, sickle shaped (Ref. 6885). Olive green above, shading to silvery below, a bright clearly bounded longitudinal silvery band, becoming dark in preserved specimens; speckled with black on top of head, chin and upper part of body, more plentifully along mid-dorsal line (Ref. 6885).
脂肪的小, 镰刀形状的.(参考文献 6885) 橄榄绿色的上方, 颜色变化成下面银色的, 一明亮的清楚地跳跃了纵向的银色条纹, 在保存的标本中变成深色; 有在身体的头顶，下巴与上半部上的黑色的斑点了, 更许多沿着背部中央线.(参考文献 6885)
Inhabits brackish water of estuaries, lagoons, coastal shallows and bays, and fresh water in lowland and piedmont rivers (Ref. 59043). A schooling species that inhabits lakes or inshore coastal waters (Ref. 1998). Pelagic at the sea where it occurs at 4-8 m depth (Ref. 59043). In the spring, it leaves the sea or the lake and ascends freshwater streams to spawn. Some remain in fresh water throughout their lives (Ref. 1998); those that enter the sea stay within 8 to 10 km of the shore and probably do not stray far along the coast from the estuary (Ref. 28996). Spawns in rapids, in clear water, over stone-gravel bottom and at depth of 0.2-0.5 m (Ref. 59043). Possibly found up to 425 m depth (Ref. 6793). Young-of-the-year feed mostly on copepods and cladocerans, also rotifers, eggs and algae; adults feed on small crustaceans, fishes and shellfish, also squid, worms, and various insects (Ref. 27547). Feeding virtually ceases during spawning (Ref. 27547). Females grow faster, get bigger and live longer than males (Ref. 27547). Highly esteemed as a food fish ever since white men came to North America (Ref. 27547). Flesh is firm and tasty (Ref. 27547).
居住于湖或沿海地区沿岸水域的一个群游性鱼种.(参考文献 1998) 在春天，它离开海洋或者湖而且上溯到淡水溪流产卵。 一些在他们的生命各处逗留在淡水;(参考文献 1998) 进入海岸的 8 到 10 公里里面的海洋停留而且可能不遥远地迷路的那些沿着海岸从河口。 (参考文献 28996) 当年的幼鱼大部分吃桡脚类的动物与水蚤, 也轮虫，卵与藻类; 成鱼吃小型甲壳动物，鱼与贝，也捕食乌贼，蠕虫与各种不同的昆虫。 (参考文献 27547) 在产卵的时候事实上进食停止。 (参考文献 27547) 可能地对 425 公尺深发现。 (参考文献 6793) 雌性生长更快速地, 大而且活的较长胜于雄性.(参考文献 27547) 深受喜爱的由作为一个食用鱼至今男白人来北美洲了.(参考文献 27547) 肉是结实而好吃的。 (参考文献 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Rainbow smelt usually return to natal streams to spawn but degree of homing varies from one population to another and may be genetically controlled (Ref. 11226, 30367). Movement into the streams begins when water temperatures reach 2° to 4°C or higher. The upstream run is generally short, at most a few km (Ref. 11226, 28996). Movement to spawning grounds are usually made at night. Males reach spawning grounds an hour or so before the females. Spawning is initiated, at least in part, by the presence of the proper sex ratio in the group, which has been indicated to be no more than four males to one female (Ref. 30366, 30374). The spawning group crowd together and move upstream. Body contact between a male and female brings about a release of sperm and eggs. Only a few eggs are extruded at each spawning act (Ref. 30366), so that the act is repeated over several hours each night for several nights until all eggs are extruded. After each evening's activities, most drift downstream to the larger body of water whence they came to the spawning grounds. Some, mostly males, may remain in the spawning stream during the day. Many spawned-out fish, especially males, die after spawning, but those that survive will spawn again the following year (Ref. 27547). Lake shore spawners on the other hand move inshore in small schools and swim about over rather restricted areas, apparently without any distinct pairing. The composition of the schools change constantly, for individual fish apparently engage in spawning activities for only 15 to 30 minutes at a time, then leave the school (Ref. 30374, 30376).北太平洋: 到 Barkley 聲音, 卑詩省的 Wonsan, 北韓與鄂霍次克海,北至白令海與北極圈。 也從白海.(參考文獻 10281)
Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke, 2011. Biodiversity oif the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.6 - 4.8, mean -0.4 °C (based on 2071 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00255 - 0.00651), b=3.23 (3.09 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-3; tmax=7; Fec=1,700).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
