分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Triakidae (Houndsharks)
平滑鮫 (Houndsharks) > Triakinae
Etymology: Mustelus: Latin for weasel, an ancient name for sharks, possibly referring to the pointed snouts, swift movements and/or rapacious feeding behavior of smaller predatory sharks [strictly not tautonymous with Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758 since type was designated by the ICZN] (See ETYFish); canis: Latin for dog (sharks were known as “sea dogs” and “dog-fishe” among mariners until the late 16th century, because of their ferocious pack-like feeding behavior) (See ETYFish).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 800 m (Ref. 55584), usually 18 - 200 m (Ref. 55309). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 44°S, 98°W - 31°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Florida (USA), northern and western Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, Cuba, Jamaica, Barbados, Bermuda, Bahamas; southern Brazil to northern Argentina; also western Gulf of Mexico and Antilles (Ref. 26938). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Allopatric with Mustelus mustelus and sympatric with Mustelus norrisi. One of the two new allopatric species of canis- norrisi-like smooth-hounds in this region is often confused with this species (Ref. 244). The subspecies Mustelus canis insularis, occurring at several Caribbean islands, was identified by Heemstra (Ref. 27770).
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，北方與西方的墨西哥灣，委內瑞拉，古巴，牙買加，巴貝多，百慕達群島, 巴哈馬; 巴西南部到阿根廷北部; 也墨西哥灣西部與安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 西北大西洋: 加拿大.(參考文獻 5951) 與 Mustelus mustelus 異域分佈而且與 Mustelus norrisi 重疊分佈. 二個中的一個 canis 的新異地種- 像 norrisi 一樣的平滑-在與時常互相混淆的這種的這一個區域中帶獵犬狩獵.(參考文獻 244) 被出現在一些加勒比海的島的亞種 Mustelus canis insularis, 被鑑別特徵為 Heemstra 。 (參考文獻 27770)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 99.8, range 95 - 100 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 244); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6077); 最大體重: 12.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
A small, slim shark. Well-serrated dorsal fins, second nearly as large as first (Ref. 26938).
一種小的, 瘦的鯊魚。 深鋸齒狀的背鰭, 第二個幾乎與第一個一樣大.(參考文獻 26938)
Found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes, ranging from shallow inshore waters and the intertidal to 200 m, occasionally down to 579 m (Ref. 244). Occasionally found in freshwater. It is doubtful that this species can live in fresh water for an extended period of time (Ref. 244). Active swimmer and bottom feeder (Ref. 27549). Swims in packs or schools (Ref. 27549). Feeds on large crustaceans, mainly crabs, but also heavily on lobsters (Homarus) (Ref. 244). Probably non-territorial. Off the Atlantic coast of the USA, this species is migratory (Ref. 244). Viviparous (with a yolk-sac placenta), with 4 to 20 young in a litter. Longevity given as 7 years (Ref. 775) but appears too low. Utilized fresh, dried-salted, and smoked (Ref. 9987).
棲息於大陸棚與島嶼棚與被範圍從沿岸淺水區水域與潮間帶到 200 公尺的上層斜坡了, 偶然地向下至 579 公尺.(參考文獻 244) 偶然地發現於淡水了。 它是可疑的這種能生活於淡水一長段時間.(參考文獻 244) 吃大的甲殼動物, 主要地螃蟹, 也經常捕食龍蝦 ( Homarus).(參考文獻 244) 可能非領域性。 美國的大西洋海岸外, 這種是迴游的.(參考文獻 244) 胎生的 (具有一個卵黃囊胎盤), 有四個到 20 幼魚在一胎。 壽命被估為 7 年 (參考文獻 775) 但是顯得太低的。 生鮮使用，乾燥鹽醃, 而且煙燻.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Viviparous (Ref. 26281, 35307, 50449), with a yolk-sac placenta; with 4 to 20 young per litter. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，北方與西方的墨西哥灣，委內瑞拉，古巴，牙買加，巴貝多，百慕達群島, 巴哈馬; 巴西南部到阿根廷北部; 也墨西哥灣西部與安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 西北大西洋: 加拿大.(參考文獻 5951) 與 Mustelus mustelus 異域分佈而且與 Mustelus norrisi 重疊分佈. 二個中的一個 canis 的新異地種- 像 norrisi 一樣的平滑-在與時常互相混淆的這種的這一個區域中帶獵犬狩獵.(參考文獻 244) 被出現在一些加勒比海的島的亞種 Mustelus canis insularis, 被鑑別特徵為 Heemstra 。 (參考文獻 27770)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 June 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.8 - 27.5, mean 22.4 °C (based on 1206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00200 (0.00169 - 0.00236), b=3.12 (3.07 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.04-0.43; tm=2-5; tmax=7; Fec= 4-20).
Prior r = 0.16, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.24, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [3.4, 64.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.113, 1.502] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [19.2, 23.9] %; Omega3 = 0.145 [0.056, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 52.1 [14.6, 197.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.62 [2.46, 23.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.793 [0.339, 1.664] mg/100g (wet weight);
