分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 91 m (Ref. 48844), usually 1 - 13 m (Ref. 48844). 熱帶; 38°N - 18°N, 123°W - 106°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: endemic to the eastern Pacific from San Francisco, USA to the Gulf of California, and possibly to Mazatlan, Mexico (Ref. 48844).
東太平洋: 來自舊金山的東太平洋的特有種, 美國到加州灣, 與可能地到墨西哥馬瑞它.(參考文獻 48844)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 57 - ? cm
Max length : 119 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48844); 170.0 cm TL (female); 最大体重: 9.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 9.8 kg; 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 48844)
Broad disc is greater in length than width; a relatively smooth dorsal surface except for a single row of thorns around the eyes and extending along the back and tail; a long, pointed snout with a rounded tip; small, rounded, pebble-like teeth; a first dorsal fin that originates closer to the pelvic fin base than to the caudal fin origin; a thick tail and a moderately large caudal fin without a distinct lower lobe. Tooth count: 102-112/98-117. Spiral valve count: 8-10.
宽的体盘是长度大于宽度; 一个相当平滑的背面除了一个单列的刺眼睛四周，而且延伸沿着背面与尾部; 长, 尖的吻具有一个圆形的顶端; 小的，圆形的，和卵石状的齿; 一个超过到尾鳍起源起点较靠近腹鳍基底的第一背鳍; 一个厚的尾部与一个普通大的尾鳍没有明显的下叶。 牙齿数目: 102-112/98-117. 螺旋瓣数目: 8-10.
Found on sand or mud bottoms of bays, seagrass beds, estuaries, and near rocky reefs. Nomadic and gregarious. Found singly or in aggregations (Ref. 12951). Burrows in sand during the day, feeds on crabs, worms, clams and small fishes at night (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous, with 6 to 28 pups in a litter (Ref. 48844). Females mature by 7 years at 87-99 cm TL; males reaches 91-110 cm TL; birth size at 20-24 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Etymology: The genus comes from the Greek word rhine, meaning shark, and the Latin word batis, meaning ray, in reference to its body form being intermediate between that of a shark and a ray. The species name comes Latin, meaning produced, in reference to its pointed snout (Ref. 48844).
栖息于海湾，海草床，河口与邻近岩礁的沙或泥底部了。 流浪性而群居的。 各别地发现或聚集成群.(参考文献 12951) 穴居在沙中在白天期间, 吃螃蟹，蠕虫，蛤与小鱼在晚上.(参考文献 12951) 卵胎生的,6 到 28个幼胎一胎.(参考文献 48844)
词源: 本属来从希腊的字 rhine, 意谓意谓鳍条的鲨鱼, 与拉丁文的字 batis, 关于介于鲨鱼的与一个鳍条之间的它的体型。 此鱼种名称来拉丁文,意谓生产, 关于它的尖吻.(参考文献 48844)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Adults of both sexes congregate during the breeding season in shallow bays and estuaries and likewise leave when the pupping season is over after mating (Ref. 48844). Gestation lasts for about 12 months (Ref. 48844).東太平洋: 來自舊金山的東太平洋的特有種, 美國到加州灣, 與可能地到墨西哥馬瑞它.(參考文獻 48844)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 25.9, mean 22.4 °C (based on 149 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00209 (0.00137 - 0.00319), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=7; tmax=11; K=0.1; Fec = 6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.6 [8.1, 140.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.666 [0.163, 1.807] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.7, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.065, 0.333] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [14.7, 138.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [5.5, 26.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.03 [0.51, 1.86] mg/100g (wet weight);
