分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Argentiniformes (Marine smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Marine smelts) >
Opisthoproctidae (Barreleyes or spookfishes)
後肛魚科 (Barreleyes or spookfishes)
Etymology: Macropinna: Greek, makros = great + Latin, pinna = thorn (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海區的; 深度上下限 16 - 1267 m (Ref. 96339). 深水域; 66°N - 21°N, 128°E - 109°W
North Pacific: Bering Sea to Japan, and Baja California, Mexico.
北太平洋: 白令海到日本 (參考文獻 559) 與墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 87380)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14. This species' most striking feature is the transparent, cowl-like shield that covers the top of the head, and its prominent tubular eyes within. The shield is a tough, flexible integument that attaches to the dorsal and medial scales behind the head, and to the broad, transparent subocular bones that protect the eyes laterally. The fluid-field chamber found beneath the shield surrounds and protects the eyes with vivid green lenses. The tubular eyes of this fish can look forward as well as upward (with maximum arc of rotation observed about 75 degrees). The morphology of the eyes apparently allow at least two feeding modes: (1) with body horizontal and with eyes directed upward, it can spot food against lighted waters above, it pivots its body to bring the mouth up for ingestion while eyes are locked on target, rotating from dorsal to rostral relative to the body; and (2) with body horizontal, eyes rotate dorsal to rostral while tracking the path of descending food until it reaches the level of the mouth (Ref. 87379). Adipose at the base of the caudal peduncle (Ref. 6885). Adults dark brown (Ref. 6885).
在尾梗的基底的脂肪.(參考文獻 6885) 成魚深褐色的.(參考文獻 6885)
A solitary fish, occurring at lower mesopelagic depths beneath temperate and subarctic waters. Caught by midwater trawl nets in areas with bottom depths of 1600-3600 m. Stomach contents include cnidarian remains, however, its visceral anatomy suggests diets of mixed zooplankton, including both gelatinous and crustacean prey and siphonophore tentacles and nematocysts (Ref. 87379). Uncommon species (Ref. 6885). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 35626). A photo of a 15 cm long fish shown at http://www.newscientist.com/gallery/new-species/9.
稀有的種.(參考文獻 6885) 卵生的, 仔魚為浮游性.(參考文獻 35626)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 35626).北太平洋: 白令海到日本 (參考文獻 559) 與墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業:
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 6.8, mean 3.7 °C (based on 175 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
