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Umbra pygmaea (DeKay, 1842)

Eastern mudminnow
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> Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) > Umbridae (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: DeKay.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 新鮮な水 底生の; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 3 - 8; 移住性ではない. Temperate; 4°C - 23°C (Ref. 1672); 42°N - 30°N

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North America: Atlantic and Gulf slopes from southeastern New York (including Long Island) to St.Johns River drainage in Florida and west to Aucilla River drainage in Florida and Georgia, USA (Ref. 5723). Introduced (but very localized) to central and western Europe (Ref. 59043).

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 3.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.7 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 88166); 15.0 cm TL (female)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 14 - 15; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 8 - 11. Body robust, thick, little compressed; head bluntly conic; snout short, equal to diameter of eye; mouth moderate, jaws short, mandible protrudes slightly beyond tip of upper jaw, premaxillaries not protractile. Gill rakers short and numerous. Dorsal inserted near pectoral than caudal base; pelvic inserted just before origin of dorsal , rays of depressed fin reaching to about 3rd anal ray. Caudal fin rounded, with 18-20 rays (Ref. 2196). Pigmentation: yellowish green with 10-12 narrow lateral dark stripes; a dark stripe through eye; a black basicaudal bar; lower jaw pale; fins plain. Also Ref. 40476.

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabits quiet streams, sloughs, swamps and other wetlands over sand, mud and debris, often among dense vegetation. Juveniles also found among aquatic vegetation, often forming schools of 10-12 individuals (Ref. 39069). An introduced species in Europe which usually occurs in small isolated ponds and peat bogs (Ref. 59043). Oviparous, larvae remain in algal nest for about 6 days (Ref. 39067). Spawning takes place in April and May (Ref. 30578). Feeds on insect larvae, worms, mollusks, crustaceans alevins. Experimental studies show that this species can tolerate acidic environment, particularly, at ph values ranging from 4.0 to 7.0 where no mortality or significant changes in blood plasma osmolarity and haematocrit was observed (Ref. 59260).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless





Human uses

水産業: 興味がない; 水族館・水槽: 商業
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6329   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00502 - 0.02088), b=3.09 (2.90 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tm=1.5-2; Ave. Fec=342).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).