分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Plagopterinae
Etymology: Couesius: From the American ornithologist Eliot Coues of the US Army Medical Coprs (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Elliott Ladd Coues (pronounced ‘cows’) (1842–1899) was a US Army Surgeon who graduated from Columbia University (1861) then being appointed Assistant-Surgeon in the army (1864). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 6.5 - 7.8; 非迁移的. 溫帶; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 12468); 66°N - 40°N
North America: Alaska (Yukon River drainage); throughout most of Canada and northern USA; south to Delaware River in New York, south end of Lake Michigan, Illinois, Platte River system in Colorado, and Columbia River drainage in Washington, USA. Relict population in Mississippi River basin in Iowa, USA. Sometimes hybridizes with Rhinichthys cataractae in Lake Superior (Ref. 4564).
北美洲: 阿拉斯加州 (育空河流域). 在大部分的加拿大與美國北部各處; 南至紐約的德拉瓦河，密西根湖，伊利諾州，科羅拉多的普拉特河流域與華盛頓的哥倫比亞河流域的南端。 在美國愛荷華州的倖存族群在密西西比河流域。 有時在秀克必李耳湖與 Rhinichthys cataractae 雜交。 (參考文獻 4564)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 8.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 10.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 8; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 9; 脊椎骨: 39 - 44. Couesius plumbeus is distinguished by having the following characters: barbel at corner of large, barely subterminal mouth; moderately pointed snout; large eye; head flattened above and below; dorsal fin origin over or slightly behind pelvic fin origin; complete lateral line, 53-70 lateral scales; 8 anal rays, and pharyngeal teeth 2,4-4,2 (Ref. 86798). Spineless fins, normal jaws, and tiny barbel at the corner of the mouth (Ref. 27547). Body moderately compressed and slender, coloration include brown to green above, dark stripe along silver gray side, darkest on young and large male, sometimes black specks on side and belly, dusky caudal spot. Large male may have red at pectoral and pelvic fin origins, corners of mouth (Ref. 86797). In some populations, breeding males develop bright orange-red patches on sides of head and at bases of pectoral fins, but the presence of this color varies from place to place (Ref. 27547).
在嘴巴的角落区别的特徵为无棘的鳍，正常颚与极小的触须了。 (参考文献 27547) 鳃耙短.(参考文献 27547) 尾鳍适度分叉, 有圆的叶.(参考文献 27547) 褐色到呈绿色的上方, 下面银色的; 一条相当不明显深色或线索-色彩的条纹存在沿着侧边, 时常在头小的标本之上向前延伸; 下侧与腹面时常有细点深色的.(参考文献 27547) 在一些族群，繁殖期的雄性发育在头侧上的鲜橘色-红色的区块而在胸鳍基底鳍, 但是那有这一个颜色到处改变.(参考文献 27547)
Inhabits virtually any body of water, standing or flowing, large or small (Ref. 5723, 86798). Common in gravel-bottomed pools and runs of streams and along rocky lake margins (Ref. 86798). Mostly found in shallow water, but may move to deeper parts of lakes during hot weather (Ref. 27547). Feeds on zooplankton, algae, terrestrial and aquatic insects, and small fishes (Ref. 1998).
栖息于事实上任何的水体, 不动或流动的，大的或小的.(参考文献 5723) 溪流的常见于砾石底水潭与急流而且沿着湖边岩石.(参考文献 5723) 大部份在浅水区中, 但是可能在热的天气的时候移动到湖的较深的部分.(参考文献 27547) 吃浮游动物，藻类，陆生与水生昆虫与小鱼。 (参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning individuals form schools that move from lakes or deeper parts of streams to shallower water (Ref. 27547). Also Ref. 10280.北美洲: 阿拉斯加州 (育空河流域). 在大部分的加拿大與美國北部各處; 南至紐約的德拉瓦河，密西根湖，伊利諾州，科羅拉多的普拉特河流域與華盛頓的哥倫比亞河流域的南端。 在美國愛荷華州的倖存族群在密西西比河流域。 有時在秀克必李耳湖與 Rhinichthys cataractae 雜交。 (參考文獻 4564)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00551 - 0.01899), b=3.01 (2.84 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=5; K=0.36).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
