分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Anguilliformes (Eels and morays)
鰻鱺目 (Eels and morays) >
Anguillidae (Freshwater eels)
鰻鱺科 (Freshwater eels)
Etymology: Anguilla: Latin, anguilla, .-ae = eel (Ref. 45335); rostrata: From the words Anguilla-Latin for eel and rostrata, meaning long nose (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 26938); 深度上下限 0 - 464 m (Ref. 57178). 亞熱帶的; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 12468); 66°N - 5°N, 98°W - 21°W
Northwest to western Central Atlantic: Greenland south along the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA to Panama, and throughout much of the West Indies south to Trinidad.
對中大西洋西部的西北: 格陵蘭向南延伸加拿大與美國的大西洋海岸到巴拿馬, 而且在西印度群島的多處各處南至千里達。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 68.5, range 37 - 100 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26938); 122.0 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3242); 最大體重: 7.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 43 年 (Ref. 40922)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Head rather long; eyes small and placed well forward on head. Lips thick. Caudal vertebrae without transverse processes. Premaxillae not developed as distinct elements in adults. Frontal bones paired, not grown together. Pectoral girdle with 7 to 9 (up to 11 in the young) radial elements. Adults usually white or light-colored below and brownish to blue-black above, but coloration is variable; young with some yellow on the edges of the dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 30499). Caudal fin rounded, joined to dorsal and anal fins. Gill opening on side in front of lower half of well-developed pectoral fin; lower jaw longer than upper; 103-111 vertebrae (Ref. 26938).
頭部相當長的; 眼小的而且位於頭部正前方。 唇厚的。 沒有橫斷突起的尾部的脊椎骨。 前頜骨不發展成明顯的要素當成魚時。 額骨成對的, 不一起生長。 肩帶 7 到 9(向上到 11 在幼魚裡面)個動脈要素。 成魚通常白色或者顏色較淡在與之下背面褐色到深藍色的, 但是顏色是可變的; 幼魚有一些黃色的背鰭與臀鰭的邊緣。 (參考文獻 30499) 尾鰭圓形的, 連到了背鰭與臀鰭。 在發展良好的胸鰭之下半部之前的在側邊上的鰓裂; 下頜比上頜長; 103-111個脊椎骨.(參考文獻 26938)
Occurs in streams, rivers, muddy or silt-bottomed lakes (Ref. 5951); usually in permanent streams with continuous flow (Ref. 86798). Hides during the day in undercut banks and in deep pools near logs and boulders (Ref. 86798). Feeds on larvae of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera, as well as gastropods, oligochaetes, amphipods, isopods, mysids, and fish from the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Catostomidae and Anguillidae (Ref. 9593). Migrates in autumn to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (Ref. 3242). Sexual maturity occurs approximately in less than10 years and up to 40 years in freshwater (Ref. 57533). Larvae (transparent leptocephali shaped somewhat like a willow leaf) hatch and develop at sea to metamorphose into elvers in nearshore waters and estuaries (Ref. 57533). Adults are caught with eel pots and trot lines. Elvers and glass eels are caught with fine mesh fyke nets and dipnets. Catadromous species. (Ref. 26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.
出現在溪流，河，泥濘或淤泥底的湖;(參考文獻 5951) 通常在永久的溪流有連續的水流。 在圓木與大圓石附近的堤岸下與深水池中躲藏在白天期間。 捕食蜉蝣的幼生，蜻蛉， ?翅目，鞘翅目，毛翅目與鱗翅目, 以及腹足動物，蠕蟲，片腳類動物，等足目動物，糠蝦, 而且捕食鱸科， Cyprinidae ，鮰科，亞口魚科與 Anguillidae.(參考文獻 9593) 秋天時迴游到藻海 產卵.(參考文獻 3242) 成魚被用鰻魚壺罐與快步線捕獲。 鰻苗與玻璃鰻魚被用細網目的待袋網與手抄網捕獲。 降海洄游的種。 (參考文獻 26938). 最大的深度報告取自參考文獻 57178.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Undertakes migration in autumn to the Sargasso Sea where spawning is said to take place. Coloration changes with sexual maturation. Dorsal surface of the pectorals becomes dark, lateral line becomes prominent, eye diameter increases and visual pigments change, body takes on a silvery bronze coloration. Females are usually larger than males and migrate much farther upstream (Ref. 57533). Adults die after spawning (Ref. 30499).
Spawn at sea but growth occurs in estuaries or freshwater (Ref. 7135). Spawning grounds believed to be between 20° and 30°N and 60°and 75°W (Ref. 40916, 40917).對中大西洋西部的西北: 格陵蘭向南延伸加拿大與美國的大西洋海岸到巴拿馬, 而且在西印度群島的多處各處南至千里達。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 08 November 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 24.3, mean 6.3 °C (based on 323 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00087 (0.00070 - 0.00108), b=3.18 (3.13 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=3-6; tmax=43; Fec=5,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.2 [19.9, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.734 [0.430, 1.146] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.8, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.367 [0.197, 0.697] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [29, 105] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.64 [1.82, 42.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.64 [0.46, 0.92] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
