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> Percopsiformes (Trout-perches, pirate perches and cavefishes) > Amblyopsidae (Cavefishes)
Etymology: Typhlichthys: Greek, typhlops = blind + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); subterraneus: subterraneus meaning beneath the earth (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Girard.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; acqua dolce demersale. Temperate; 39°N - 34°N

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North America: portions of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Missouri and Arkansas, U.S.A.

Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 10294); common length : 5.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 12193); Età massima riportata: 4 anni (Ref. 10294)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 7 - 10; Raggi anali molli: 7 - 10; Vertebre: 28 - 29. Pink-white. No eyes (vestigial eye tissues under skin). Large, broad head. Caudal fin with 0-2 rows of papillae (Ref. 5723) and a vertical basal row (Ref. 10294); 10-15 branched caudal rays (Ref. 5723).

Adults inhabit subterranean water (Ref. 5723). Found in caves which are near the water table and are therefore more uniform than other amblyopsid caves (Ref. 34868). Feed mainly on copepods, amphipods and isopods (Ref. 10294). Eggs are carried in gill chambers of females (Ref. 205).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Incubates eggs in gill chamber of females (Ref. 205). Fecundity is very low, perhaps fewer that 50 ova per female (Ref. 10294).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: di nessun interesse

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0088 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.37 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.43; tm=2; tmax=4).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

Typhlichthys subterraneus Girard, 1859