分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
鱈科 (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Eleginus: Greek, eleginos, -ou = a fish of the Nile (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的; 深度上下限 0 - 300 m (Ref. 50550). 極; 75°N - 30°N, 124°E - 123°W (Ref. 54430)
Arctic to North Pacific: Chemulpo in North Korea (Yellow Sea) in the southwest to Sitka, Alaska in the southeast. Beyond the Bering Strait from Cape Lisburne in Chukchi Sea and east to Dease Strait (south coast of Victoria Island). Precise delimitation of the range depends on additional taxonomic study.
北太平洋: 在北韓 (黃海) 在西南到 Sitka 的 Chemulpo, 在東南中的阿拉斯加州。 超過來自岬 Lisburne 的白令海峽在楚克其人海洋而且東至 Dease 海峽 (維多利亞島的南部海岸). 範圍的精確定界線仰賴附加的分類研究。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 1.3 kg (Ref. 56527); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 56527)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 44 - 59; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 39 - 47; 脊椎骨: 57 - 64. Distinguished by the presence of 3 dorsal and 2 anal fins, a lower jaw that is shorter than the upper, a chin barbel that is no longer than half the eye diameter, and a space between the second and third dorsal fins that is equal to or longer than the eye diameter (Ref. 27547). Lateral line curved in front, ending under the second dorsal fin (Ref. 27547); head with no lateral line pores (Ref. 1371). Expanded parapophyses swollen and hollow, beginning on about the vertebral centrum 9 or 10, containing outpouchings of the swim bladder (Ref. 1371). Second pelvic ray produced; caudal truncate or slightly emarginate (Ref. 27547). Grayish brown above, upper part of sides paler, sometimes with a silvery-violet shading, often mottled with indistinct darker blotches; lower sides and belly yellowish to silver white; fins dusky, dorsal and caudal with white edges (Ref. 27547).
區別的特徵為那有 3 背部的與 2個臀鰭, 一個下頜，那是短於上面者, 一個下巴觸鬚超過一半的眼直徑，那是不再，而且一個間隔的空間第二個與第三個背鰭，那是等於或長度超過眼直徑.(參考文獻 27547) 側線在前面中彎曲了, 在第二個背鰭下面結束;(參考文獻 27547) 頭部有沒有側線孔.(參考文獻 1371) 擴大了椎體橫突腫大與空的, 起點在大約椎骨的椎體 9 或 10, 包含泳鰾的外囊.(參考文獻 1371) 第二個腹鰭鰭條生產; 尾部的截形或邊緣微凹.(參考文獻 27547) 淺灰褐色的上方 , 側邊灰白的上半部,有時有一個銀色-紫羅蘭色陰影, 時常具有不明顯的較黑的斑塊色斑; 下側與腹面淡黃色的到銀白色的; 鰭暗色的, 背鰭與尾鰭有白色的邊緣.(參考文獻 27547)
Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 1371). Enters rivers and may go considerable distances upstream, but usually remaining within regions of tidal influence (Ref. 1371, 27547). Adults exhibit seasonal movements: inshore during winter for purposes of spawning and offshore during summer for feeding (Ref. 1371). Juveniles and adults are opportunistic epibenthic feeders; juveniles feed on fish and small benthic crustaceans (Ref. 1371). Taxonomic problems to be solved.
出現於沿岸淺水區。 (參考文獻 1371) 進入河而且可能向上游去相當多的距離, 但是通常在潮汐影響力的區域裡面保持.(參考文獻 1371,27547) 成魚展現季節性的運動: 沿海地區在冬天期間對於產卵的目的與外海夏天時對於進食.(參考文獻 1371) 稚魚與成魚是隨機的淺海底棲捕食者; 稚魚吃魚與小型底棲的甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 1371) 分類的問題被解決。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns 5-7 times in its life, or even 9-10 times for those living 10-14 years. Fecundity varies with geographical region. It decreases from east to west in the European Arctic and from south to north in western Pacific waters. Throughout its distribution area, spawning occurs during January-February in coastal zones of bays and inlets on sand-gravel substrate and in strong tidal currents.北太平洋: 在北韓 (黃海) 在西南到 Sitka 的 Chemulpo, 在東南中的阿拉斯加州。 超過來自岬 Lisburne 的白令海峽在楚克其人海洋而且東至 Dease 海峽 (維多利亞島的南部海岸). 範圍的精確定界線仰賴附加的分類研究。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.5 - 5.9, mean 0.9 °C (based on 952 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00538 - 0.00707), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 (4.4 - 6.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-3; Fec=4,900).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.8 [12.2, 62.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.45 [0.22, 0.95] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.0, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.185, 0.804] g/100g; Selenium = 13.8 [5.4, 30.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [2.9, 81.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.263, 0.636] mg/100g (wet weight);
