分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Etymology: Coryphaenoides: Greek, koryphaina = dolphin fish + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海区的; 深度上下限 180 - 2600 m (Ref. 58426), usually 400 - 1200 m (Ref. 1371). 深水域; 73°N - 20°N, 77°W - 32°E
North Atlantic: from about 37°N to Baffin Island and Greenland in the western Atlantic, and off Iceland and Norway to 73°N to Barents Sea, south to North Africa in the eastern Atlantic. Reported to occur from the tongue of the Ocean east of Andros Islands (about 24°N, 77°W) in the Bahamas.
北大西洋: 在大西洋西部 , 與外海的冰島與挪威的從大約 37個 ° N 到 Baffin 島與格陵蘭在東大西洋中南至北非。 報告出現海洋在巴哈馬的 Andros 島 (大約 24 ° N,77 ° W) 以東的從舌。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 52.7, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 35388); 最大体重: 1.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 54 年 (Ref. 41452)
背棘 (总数) : 2; 臀棘: 0. Head broad, rather soft; snout broad, rounded, with a large blunt tubercular scute at its tip; chin with small barbel. Scales relatively adherent; spinules dense on body scales, long, thin and recurved, narrowly lanceolate, with longitudinal anterior concavity. Pyloric caeca 29 to 31, long and slender. Color medium brown to grayish; orbits, oral and branchial cavities, and fins blackish to brownish gray.
头部宽的, 相当软; 吻宽的, 圆的, 在它的顶端具有一个大的钝有小瘤的鳞甲; 下巴有小的触须。 鳞片相当黏着的; 小刺密集的在身体鳞片上, 长的，细的与后弯的，狭窄矛尖形, 有纵向的前面凹洼。 幽门盲囊 29 到 31, 长且细的。 色彩普通褐色的到浅灰色的; 眼窝，口腔与鳃室与鳍黑色的到灰褐色。
Benthopelagic to bathypelagic in about 400 and 1200 m depth. Minimum depth from Ref. 1371. Form large schools at 600 to 900 m depth (Ref. 9988). Feed on a variety of fish and invertebrates, but primarily on pelagic crustaceans such as shrimps, amphipods and cumaceans; cephalopods and lantern fishes constitute a lesser portion of the diet. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). This species is currently facing overexploitation in the North Atlantic. Utilized frozen and for fishmeal; can be fried and baked (Ref. 9988).
在大约 400 与 1200 公尺深中的底栖大洋性到底栖大洋性。 在 600 到 900 公尺深形成大群鱼群。 (参考文献 9988) 捕食多种鱼与无脊椎动物, 但是主要地在大洋性的甲壳动物例如虾，片脚类动物与 cumaceans 上; 头足类动物与灯笼鱼构成食性的较少的部分。 这种现在正在北大西洋中面对过渔。 冷冻使用了与用于鱼粉; 能被油炸而且烧烤。 (参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
北大西洋: 在大西洋西部 , 與外海的冰島與挪威的從大約 37個 ° N 到 Baffin 島與格陵蘭在東大西洋中南至北非。 報告出現海洋在巴哈馬的 Andros 島 (大約 24 ° N,77 ° W) 以東的從舌。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
极度濒危 (CR) (A4bd); Date assessed: 11 July 2012
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.7 - 9.4, mean 4.5 °C (based on 270 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00214 (0.00109 - 0.00421), b=3.20 (3.03 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.1; tm=9-11; tmax=54; Fec=10,000).
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.4 [5.5, 40.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.296 [0.130, 0.842] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.4, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.041, 0.263] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [9.0, 74.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.2 [2.7, 168.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.232, 0.866] mg/100g (wet weight);
