分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 46°N - 30°N
North America: Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins from southern Ontario in Canada and from western New York to Minnesota, and south to northern Alabama and Arkansas in the USA. Isolated populations in southwestern Mississippi and eastern Louisiana, and in upper Potomac River drainage in West Virginia, USA.
北美洲: 五大湖與密西西比河流域從加拿大安大略省南部與從紐約西部到明尼蘇達州, 而且在美國南至阿拉巴馬州北部與阿肯色州。 在西南方的密西西比與路易斯安那東部的孤立族群, 與在玻多瑪克河流域上游在西維吉尼亞，美國。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 5.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 3.00 年 (Ref. 12193)
Adults inhabit fast gravel and rubble riffles of creeks and small to medium rivers (Ref. 5723, 10294); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Feed on midge larvae, hydropsychid and hydroptilid caddisfly larvae, mayfly nymphs, and fish eggs (Ref. 10294). Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 36980). Eggs are found buried in the substrate (Ref. 7043).
棲息於快速的礫石與小溪及小型到中型河川的碎石急流;(參考文獻 5723,10294) 也發現於溪流。 (參考文獻 10294) 吃蚊仔魚， hydropsychid 與 hydroptilid 石蠶幼生，孚游類蛹與魚卵。 (參考文獻 10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 36980). Eggs are found buried in the substrate (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 五大湖與密西西比河流域從加拿大安大略省南部與從紐約西部到明尼蘇達州, 而且在美國南至阿拉巴馬州北部與阿肯色州。 在西南方的密西西比與路易斯安那東部的孤立族群, 與在玻多瑪克河流域上游在西維吉尼亞，美國。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 December 2011
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00426 - 0.01291), b=3.13 (2.98 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.64-0.82; tmax=3; Fec=508-1462).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
