Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 50 - 854 m (Ref. 52581). Subtropical; 28°S - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal in southern waters: (Ref. 7300): South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec I., Desventuradas Is., Juan Fernandez Is., Chile, north to southern Brazil, Tristan da Cunha.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 88.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 89467); common length : 100.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 9258); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 100.0 kg (Ref. 4537); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 60 বৎসর (Ref. 41439)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 9 - 12; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 12; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 7 - 9.
A deepwater species, occurs in seamounts (Ref. 89357). Adults occur generally over rough ground from the central shelf (about 100 m) to the shelf edge and down to the upper slope. Juveniles are found in surface waters, perhaps school in association with drifting weed. Feed on barracouta and pilchards, in addition to various bottom-dwelling fish. Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421). Preyed upon by sperm whales (Ref. 9072). It is taken by droplining down to 400 m, and is sometimes seen in the trawled catch. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Severely overfished (Ref. 89357).
Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
হাতিয়ার
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 16, mean 11.7 °C (based on 143 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00765 - 0.01501), b=3.00 (2.90 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): অত্যন্ত কম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৪ বৎসর (tm=10-13; tmax=60).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34 [20, 61] mg/100g; Iron = 0.904 [0.538, 1.528] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [20, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.563 [0.318, 1.046] g/100g; Selenium = 55.6 [29.6, 108.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.09 [3.16, 24.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.267, 0.532] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
