分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Luciopercinae
Etymology: vitreus: vitrea meaning glassy, alluding to the nature of the large, silvery eyes (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 27 m (Ref. 11002). 溫帶; 1°C - 29°C (Ref. 12741); 70°N - 30°N, 137°W - 69°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Arctic, and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Northwest Territories in Canada, and south to Alabama and Arkansas in the USA; possibly native to Mobile Bay basin. Widely introduced elsewhere in the USA, including Atlantic and Pacific drainages.
北美洲: 從魁北克到西北地區在加拿大的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，北極圈與密西西比河流域,在美國南至阿拉巴馬州與阿肯色州。 廣泛地引入了美國，包括大西洋，灣與太平洋的流域的其他地方。 很少發現於北美洲的半鹹淡水域了。 (參考文獻 1998)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 42.5, range 36 - 44.8 cm
Max length : 107 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1998); common length : 54.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 11.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 29 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 13 - 17; 背的軟條 (總數) : 18 - 22; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 14; 脊椎骨: 44 - 48. Nuptial tubercles absent. Differentiation of sexes difficult. Branchiostegal rays 7,7 or 7,8 (Ref. 1998).
珠星不存在。 性別的區別困難的。 鰓條骨 7,7 或 7,8.(參考文獻 1998)
Occurs in lakes, pools, backwaters, and runs of medium to large rivers. Frequently found in clear water, usually near brush (Ref. 86798). Prefers large, shallow lakes with high turbidity (Ref. 9988, 10294). Rarely found in brackish waters (Ref. 1998). Feeds at night, mainly on insects and fishes (prefers yellow perch and freshwater drum but will take any fish available) but feeds on crayfish, snails, frogs, mudpuppies, and small mammals when fish and insects are scarce (Ref. 1998). Although not widely farmed commercially for consumption, large numbers are hatched and raised for stocking lakes for game fishing (Ref. 9988). Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
出現於湖，水池，洄水區與中型到大型河川的小支流。 偏愛大的, 用高混濁度的淺湖泊.(參考文獻 9988,10294) 在晚上覓食, 主要吃昆蟲與魚 (偏愛黃笛鯛與淡水舵魚但是將採有用的任何魚) 但是當魚與昆蟲是難得的時候吃小龍蝦，蝸牛，青蛙， mudpuppies 與小的哺乳動物.(參考文獻 1998) 雖然不廣泛地為消費商業養殖, 大的數量被孵化而且升起為遊釣魚類育種使用湖.(參考文獻 9988) 生鮮使用或冷凍; 吃油鍋炸的, 火烤., 微波.而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning occurs in small groups (a larger female and two smaller males or two females and up to six males) that engage in chasing, circular swimming, and fin erection. The group then ascends to shallow water, females roll on their side, and eggs and sperm are released. Deposition of eggs usually occurs in a single night (Ref. 1998). Larvae pelagic (Ref. 7471).北美洲: 從魁北克到西北地區在加拿大的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，北極圈與密西西比河流域,在美國南至阿拉巴馬州與阿肯色州。 廣泛地引入了美國，包括大西洋，灣與太平洋的流域的其他地方。 很少發現於北美洲的半鹹淡水域了。 (參考文獻 1998)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2012
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00481 - 0.00828), b=3.15 (3.07 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 (3.0 - 3.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 42
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.05-0.45; tm=2-4; tmax=29; Fec=41,061).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.9 [34.8, 196.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.483 [0.192, 1.201] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.9, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.17 [0.07, 0.35] g/100g; Selenium = 7.44 [1.82, 31.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.6 [6.9, 51.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.913 [0.526, 1.539] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
