Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق 1 - 70 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 33°N - 35°S, 99°W - 28°W (Ref. 55265)
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 22.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4858); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3797); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.6 kg (Ref. 26340)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 14; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 19 - 21; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 20 - 21. Tail and pectoral fins entirely yellow. Black spot on forehead has electric blue spots and is surrounded by narrow, electric blue ring. Large blue spot at base of pectoral fin (Ref. 26938). Adults develop short spines on the margin. The color of large adults is purplish blue with yellow-orange rims to the scales; head above eye dark blue, below greenish yellow; mouth, chin, throat, chest and abdomen purplish blue (Ref. 13442)
Found on coral reefs. Generally occurs solitarily or in pairs. Moves gracefully between seafans, seawhips, and corals (Ref. 9710). Stomach contents of 26 specimens indicate that the species feeds almost exclusively on sponges supplemented by small amounts of algae, tunicates, hydroids and bryozoans. Young pick ectoparasites from other fishes (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3797).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03162 (0.01614 - 0.06195), b=2.88 (2.71 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.7 [10.8, 43.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.489 [0.281, 0.849] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.085, 0.251] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.3, 37.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.8 [8.6, 142.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.792 [0.515, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight);
