Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 40 - 385 m. Subtropical; 37°N - 18°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida Keys in USA and throughout the Gulf of Mexico.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7251)
Inhabits offshore waters. Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Utilisations par l'homme
Outils
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 25.3, mean 20.8 °C (based on 56 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00263 - 0.01447), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).