分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers)
鱸形目 (Sand dwellers) >
Ammodytidae (Sand lances)
玉筋魚科 (Sand lances)
Etymology: Ammodytes: Greek, ammos = sand + Greek, dytes = anyone that likes immersions, diving (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 96 m (Ref. 57178). 溫帶; 72°N - 36°N, 23°W - 42°E
Northeast Atlantic: Murmansk to Spain, including Iceland and the Baltic (Ref. 4674). Reports from the Mediterraneanare misidentications (Ref. 125963). Two distinct but often sympatric spawning groups exist in the area but have not been given subspecies status although spawning groups differ in mean vertebral number (autumn higher than spring), otolith structure, and probably habitats.
東北大西洋: 莫曼斯克到西班牙, 包括冰島與波羅的海 (參考文獻 4674) 與地中海.(參考文獻 39911) 二明顯的但是時常分佈區重疊的被產卵的群在區域中存在但是有不被提供亞種狀態雖然產卵群在平均的椎骨數字 (比春天高的秋天) 中不同，但是耳石構成, 與可能棲息地。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.0, range 11 - 15 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年齡: 7 年 (Ref. 729)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 49 - 58; 臀鰭軟條: 24 - 32; 脊椎骨: 60 - 68. Scales present in the midline anterior to dorsal fin and over the musculature at base of caudal fin. Belly scales in tight chevron. Margins of dorsal and anal fins straight with rays of equal length. Lateral line pores linearly arranged along the un branched canals. Back typically sandy brown.
鱗片出現在中線位於背鰭前與在肌肉組織之上在尾鰭基底。 在緊的鋸齒形中的腹面鱗片。 背鰭與臀鰭的邊緣筆直的有相等長度的鰭條。 側線孔線狀地沿著不分枝的管排列了。 背面典型黃棕色。
Territorial; found in inshore waters, especially sandy bays and beaches, including the inter-tidal zone and estuaries; rarely offshore. Alternate between lying buried in the sandy substrate and swimming in schools in the water mass. Adults feed on zooplankton and some large diatoms (Ref. 3397). They hibernate in winter buried in sand at depths of 20-50 cm (Ref. 35388).
這具有領域性種居住於近岸水域，尤其沙的海灣與海灘,包括中潮間帶與河口; 很少外海。 交替地在砂質底部中埋藏自己而且群游於水團。 吃浮游動物與一些大的矽藻。 (參考文獻 3397) 他們過冬冬天時埋藏在沙中深度 20-50 公分。 (參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東北大西洋: 莫曼斯克到西班牙, 包括冰島與波羅的海 (參考文獻 4674) 與地中海.(參考文獻 39911) 二明顯的但是時常分佈區重疊的被產卵的群在區域中存在但是有不被提供亞種狀態雖然產卵群在平均的椎骨數字 (比春天高的秋天) 中不同，但是耳石構成, 與可能棲息地。
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 13.5, mean 10.2 °C (based on 738 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00240 (0.00187 - 0.00308), b=3.02 (2.96 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.8 (1.4 - 2.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.45-0.77; tm=1-3; tmax=7).
Prior r = 1.02, 95% CL = 0.67 - 1.53, Based on 6 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80.7 [45.2, 182.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.528 [0.273, 0.948] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.7, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.459 [0.238, 0.845] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [5.5, 29.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.7 [6.7, 66.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.857 [0.585, 1.270] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
