>
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Moronidae (Temperate basses)
Etymology: Dicentrarchus: Greek, di = two + Greek, kentron = sting + Greek, archos = anus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة; نطاق العمق 30 - ? m (Ref. 5990). Subtropical; 51°N - 10°N
Eastern Atlantic: English Channel (occasional) southward along the coasts of Europe and Morocco to Senegal and the Canary Islands; also southern Mediterranean and the Gulf of Suez.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 21.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 57391); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9 - 10; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 12 - 14; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 10 - 12. Diagnosis: elongate fish with 2 separate dorsal fins and a rather deep caudal peduncle; vomerine teeth patch anchor-shaped, with the posterior teeth extending to the midline of palate; scales on interorbital space ctenoid; opercle with 2 flat spines; lower preopercular margin with large, forward-pointing spines; caudal fin moderately forked; scales small (Ref. 57391).
Coloration: silvery grey, back bluish in life; juveniles and adults with small dark markings scattered over back and sides; a very distinct black spot on opercle (Ref. 57391).
Coastal species (Ref. 4197), found in coastal marine and brackish waters (Ref. 57391). Occurs on various kinds of bottoms, including sand, muddy sand and rocks; occasionally occurring in rivers (Ref. 6916, 57391). Also capable of living in hypersaline habitats (Sine Saloum in Senegal)(Ref. 57391). Feeds mainly on shrimps and mollusks, also fishes (Ref. 5990).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Smith, C.L., 1990. Moronidae. p. 692-694. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6916)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
Download XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 20.7, mean 17.3 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00636 - 0.01039), b=3.03 (2.96 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.07-0.16).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.37, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.4 [3.9, 188.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.815 [0.282, 2.003] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [19.2, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.187, 0.624] g/100g; Selenium = 10.5 [3.3, 29.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.83 [2.35, 42.99] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.716 [0.328, 1.624] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
