分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins)
鮋形目 (Sculpins) >
Cottidae (Sculpins)
杜父魚科 (Sculpins)
Etymology: Cottus: Greek, kottos = a fish (Ref. 45335); cognatus: cognatus due to its relation to the European species C. gobio (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 6 - 128 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 13614); 71°N - 37°N
North America: throughout most of mainland Canada and Alaska; Atlantic Slope drainages south to Potomac River in Virginia, USA; St. Lawrence-Great Lakes basin; upper Mississippi River basin in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, USA; upper Columbia River drainage in Canada and USA. Also in Siberia, Russia.
北美洲: 在大部分的大陸加拿大與阿拉斯加州各處; 大西洋斜坡流域在美國維吉尼亞南至玻多瑪克河; 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域; 在威斯康辛州，明尼蘇達州與美國愛荷華州的密西西比河上游流域; 在加拿大與美國的哥倫比亞河流域上游。 也在西伯利亞，俄國。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 7.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27547); common length : 7.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27547); 最大年齡: 7 年 (Ref. 28921)
背棘 (總數) : 7 - 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14 - 19; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 14; 脊椎骨: 31 - 35. Distinguished by the two pores on the chin and the short lateral line ending under the second dorsal fin (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers short and stubby, about 6 on first gill arch; lateral line incomplete, ending under middle of soft dorsal fin and usually having a few isolated pores behind this point; main portion with 12 to 26 pores (Ref. 27547). Pectorals large and fan-shaped, tips of lower rays projecting; fourth ray of pelvic much reduced; caudal rounded (Ref. 27547). Rather dark brown or green to dark gray on back and sides, whitish below, with vague, dark mottlings or bars below soft dorsal; belly sometimes with orange tints; soft dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins usually barred, pelvic fins and anal usually immaculate but sometimes barred; spiny dorsal dark at base, with a clear margin that may turn orange in breeding males; breeding males usually dark, sometimes black, all over (Ref. 27547).
在第二個背鰭下面的下巴與短的側線終止上區別的特徵為兩者孔了。 (參考文獻 27547) 鰓耙短與粗而短的, 大約 6 在第一個鰓弓上; 側線不完全的, 在軟背鰭的中央下面的終止與通常有一個在這點後面的少數孤立的孔; 用 12 到 26個孔的主要部份部分.(參考文獻 27547) 胸鰭大而扇形的, 低鰭條的頂端突出的; 腹鰭的第四鰭條縮得很小; 尾鰭圓的.(參考文獻 27547) 相當深褐色或綠色到深灰色背面與側邊, 腹面略白的, 藉由模糊又深色的雜斑或橫帶在軟的之下背部的; 腹面有時有橘色的色彩; 軟的背部, 胸鰭與尾鰭鰭通常條紋了, 腹鰭與肛門的通常無斑點的但是有時條紋了; 刺狀的背部深色的在基底, 具有一個可能在繁殖期的雄性中變橘色的清澈的邊緣; 繁殖期的雄性通常深色的, 有時黑色的, 到處.(參考文獻 27547)
Inhabits rocky riffles of cold streams, rocky areas of lakes (commonly at 90-106 m depth), springs and their effluents (Ref. 5723). Moves into shallow water to spawn (Ref. 27547). In some areas, they are common in brackish water (Ref. 27843), presumably moving to and from fresh water, at least for spawning (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on aquatic insect larvae and nymphs but also on crustaceans, small fishes, and plant materials (Ref. 1998). May be used as bait, but this seems rare (Ref. 27547).
棲息於寒冷溪流的岩石的急流，湖 (通常在 90-106 公尺深) ，泉水與其溢流的岩石區。 (參考文獻 5723) 移入淺水區產卵.(參考文獻 27547) 在一些地區，他們是常見於半淡鹹水 (參考文獻 27843), 可能來回移動於淡水，至少產卵.(參考文獻 27547) 大部份捕食水生的昆蟲幼生，而且蛹也捕食甲殼動物，小魚與植物。 (參考文獻 1998) 可能是當作魚餌使用，但是這似乎稀有。 (參考文獻 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
The male chooses a nesting site under a rock or ledge. Spawning males are territorial toward other males (Ref. 27547). He attracts a female into the nesting site and after more courting the female deposits her adhesive eggs. The female is then driven out and the male guards the eggs until hatching occurs. The nest usually contains eggs from several females (Ref. 27547). The male has also been observed to guard the young (Ref. 1998).北美洲: 在大部分的大陸加拿大與阿拉斯加州各處; 大西洋斜坡流域在美國維吉尼亞南至玻多瑪克河; 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域; 在威斯康辛州，明尼蘇達州與美國愛荷華州的密西西比河上游流域; 在加拿大與美國的哥倫比亞河流域上游。 也在西伯利亞，俄國。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 June 2020
人類使用
Can't connect to MySQL database (fbapp). Errorcode: Too many connections
