分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 75 m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to the Antilles and Brazil.
西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西到安地列斯群島與巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 122735); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 99.40 g (Ref. 122735)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 74 - 84; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 52 - 63.
Occurs in shallow muddy bottoms from the coastline to 75 m depth; also in brackish estuaries and hypersaline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Inhabit mainly coastal waters and tidelands, but abundant in waters very near the sea to a few meters elevation with wholly freshwater ichthyofauna (Ref. 36880). Feeds mainly on zooplankton and zoobenthos (Ref. 13196). Taken with beach nets (Ref. 5217).
出現於對 75 公尺深的泥濘淺水底部從海岸線; 也在半鹹淡的河口與高鹽度的潟湖中.(參考文獻 5217) 主要地棲息於沿岸水域與沙灘, 但是豐富的在水域中用全淡水的魚類非常接近海洋到幾公尺海拔.(參考文獻 36880) 主要吃浮游動物與底棲動物。 (參考文獻 13196) 用海灘網採集了。 (參考文獻 5217)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西到安地列斯群島與巴西。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 February 2013
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28, mean 25.5 °C (based on 608 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00488 - 0.00711), b=3.14 (3.09 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.42; Fec=6,009 (batch fecundity)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
