Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 100 m (Ref. 115829), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 11°C - 31°C (Ref. 47167); 40°N - 34°S, 117°W - 34°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California to Peru (Ref. 9330); Northwestern Central Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Chesapeake Bay, USA to the Antilles and southern Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 8.5, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 22.4 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 131022); common length : 15.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. Publicado: 117.40 g (Ref. 131022); Idade máx. registada: 1.21 anos (Ref. 47359)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 73 - 87; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 57 - 68.
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9330). Common in estuaries (Ref. 9330). Feeds on big, benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 28, mean 25.7 °C (based on 862 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00660 - 0.01048), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (tmax=1.2; k >0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 191 [89, 438] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.75, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.120, 0.523] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [16.0, 86.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.61 [1.15, 21.44] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.66, 1.63] mg/100g (wet weight);
