Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 10 - 140 m (Ref. 7251), usually 10 - 90 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 37°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island (Ref. 26340).
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 79 - 94; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 63 - 75. In males, the 1st and 2nd rays of the pectoral fin become filamentous (Ref. 35237).
Predator which lives on the bottom where it hides partially or almost completely in the sand in order to disguise itself in the environment. Feeds on small fish and invertebrates. Exhibits sexual dimorphism (Ref. 35237). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.4 - 27.9, mean 25.6 °C (based on 874 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00543 - 0.00966), b=3.10 (3.04 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.3 [24.4, 124.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.593 [0.270, 1.084] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0916 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 43.7 [22.6, 90.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.5 [11.9, 188.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.971 [0.632, 1.435] mg/100g (wet weight);
