分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders)
鰈科 (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Liopsetta: Greek, leio = smooth + Greek,psetta = grouper (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m. 極; 82°N - 63°N, 12°E - 104°W (Ref. 117245)
Northeast Atlantic and Arctic: White Sea and Barents Sea eastward along the coasts of Siberia and North America to Queen Maud Gulf in Arctic Canada. North Pacific: Chukchi and Bering seas to Bristol Bay, Alaska and the northern Sea of Okhotsk.
東北大西洋與北極圈: 白海與巴倫支海向東沿著到在加拿大北極圈中的皇后灰色條紋呢灣的西伯利亞的海岸與北美洲。 北太平洋: 楚克其語與白令海到布里斯多海灣, 阿拉斯加州與鄂霍次克海北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 17.0, range 15 - 18.9 cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58426); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 117245); 最大年齡: 26 年 (Ref. 117245)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 50 - 62; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 35 - 44; 脊椎骨: 37 - 38. Distinguished by the presence of both eyes on the same side of the head, normal scales and generally plain coloration (Ref. 27547). Lateral line with a very low curve above pectoral fin, straight behind and with a short accessory branch on head; 73-76 pores on main portion; it is complete in males but in females as large as about 20 cm it is an open groove on the posterior part of the body (Ref. 10319). Most anterior dorsal ray above eye; anal with an embedded forward-pointing spine before first ray; caudal rounded (Ref. 27547). Eyed side dark olive green to brown, sometimes with scattered black dots or indefinite dark blotches; blind side white, rarely with brown lappings over from the eyed side; fins pale brownish, sometimes with a somewhat yellow tinge or traces of dark spots (Ref. 27547).
區別的特徵為那有兩眼在頭部的相同側邊，正常鱗片與通常單色的顏色.(參考文獻 27547) 側線有一個非常低的彎曲胸鰭上方, 筆直地後面而且在頭部上具有一個短的附屬分支; 在主要的部分上的 73-76個孔; 它在雄性中是完全的但是在雌性中與大約 20 公分一樣大它在身體的後面的部份上是一個開放的凹槽.(參考文獻 10319) 大多數的前面背鰭鰭條眼睛上方; 肛門的有一個埋入朝向前面的棘以前第一個鰭條; 尾鰭圓的.(參考文獻 27547) 有眼睛的一邊深橄欖綠色的到褐色的, 有時有分散的黑色點或不確定的黑色斑塊; 沒有眼睛的一邊白色, 很少有在從有眼睛的一邊上的褐色研磨; 鰭淡褐色的, 有時有一略微淡黃的色彩或深色斑點的痕跡.(參考文獻 27547)
A coastal species not found far offshore (Ref. 27547). Occurs at shallow depths on mud bottoms, often in brackish water (Ref. 4705) and frequently entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small fishes and bottom invertebrates (Ref. 4705). Moves closer inshore in the evenings, especially on a rising tide (Ref. 27547). Appears to move offshore in the fall and inshore in the spring (Ref. 27547).
一個沿岸魚種不發現遠離至外海.(參考文獻 27547) 生存在泥底上的深度淺的地方, 常見於半淡鹹水中而且可能甚至進入河.(參考文獻 4705) 底棲的.(參考文獻 58426) 吃小魚與底棲無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 4705) 晚上移動較靠近的沿海地區, 尤其在一個漲潮上.(參考文獻 27547) 似乎移動外海秋天時與在春天沿海地區。 (參考文獻 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Reproduction cycle believed to occur only every second year (Ref. 27547).東北大西洋與北極圈: 白海與巴倫支海向東沿著到在加拿大北極圈中的皇后灰色條紋呢灣的西伯利亞的海岸與北美洲。 北太平洋: 楚克其語與白令海到布里斯多海灣, 阿拉斯加州與鄂霍次克海北部。
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.7 - 4.3, mean -0.1 °C (based on 2772 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00284 - 0.00671), b=2.97 (2.84 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.06; tm=2; Fec=31,000-230,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.4 [10.2, 55.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.302 [0.119, 0.716] mg/100g; Protein = 16.3 [14.8, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.173 [0.069, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 10.9 [4.0, 31.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12 [2, 81] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.565 [0.334, 0.906] mg/100g (wet weight);
