分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pogonias: Greek, pogon = beard (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 51°S
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Ref. 7251) to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, the Antilles (uncommon), and the southern Caribbean coast; also from the Orinoco delta to Argentina.
西大西洋: 新斯科舍省到墨西哥北部, 包括佛羅里達南部; 然後從巴西南部到阿根廷。 稀有的在安地列斯群島與南方.(參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 64.5, range 63 - ? cm
Max length : 170 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 51.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 43 年 (Ref. 7188)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 22; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 5 - 7. Silvery grey to very dark, young with 4 or 5 black vertical bars on sides, disappearing with growth; pelvic and anal fins usually dark. Chin with 5 pores and 10 to 13 pairs of small barbels along median edges of lower jaws and subopercles, increasing in length posteriorly. Gas bladder with numerous lateral appendages interconnected in a complicated pattern in adult. Sagitta semicircular and moderately thin (Ref 51721).
銀灰色的到非常黑的, 在側邊上幼魚有 4 或 5個黑色的縱帶, 隨著成長而消失; 腹鰭與臀鰭通常黑的。 下巴有 5個孔與 10 到 13 對小的觸鬚沿著下顎與在後部地被長度一直增加的子鰓蓋的中央邊緣。 氣鰾有很多的在成魚中被在一個複雜的圖案互相連接的側肢。 矢耳石半圓與一般細的 (參考文獻 51721).
Found usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters, especially in areas with large river runoffs. Juveniles often enter estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes.
在沿岸水域中通常發現在沙子與沙泥底上了, 尤其在有大的河表面流水的區域中。 稚魚時常進入河口。 主要吃甲殼動物，軟體動物與魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 新斯科舍省到墨西哥北部, 包括佛羅里達南部; 然後從巴西南部到阿根廷。 稀有的在安地列斯群島與南方.(參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 July 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.8 - 27.6, mean 23.5 °C (based on 326 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00757 - 0.00914), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.17; tm=3-5; tmax=43).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.1 [22.4, 72.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.803 [0.422, 1.361] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.0, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.289 [0.175, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [20.9, 71.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.98 [1.88, 15.13] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.611 [0.443, 0.888] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
