Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Subtropical; 34°N - 19°S, 123°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Pisco, Peru and the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9349); common length : 18.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9349)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 7. Remarkable for its highly tortuous lateral line; its nostrils also rather peculiar (Ref. 3157).
Found on soft bottom (Ref. 9349). Juveniles inhabit estuaries (Ref. 9349). Makes a loud grating noise (Ref. 3157).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 4690)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.7 - 28.9, mean 25.8 °C (based on 86 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02344 (0.01550 - 0.03546), b=2.91 (2.79 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23 [9, 79] mg/100g; Iron = 0.579 [0.293, 1.340] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.0, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.179 [0.089, 0.342] g/100g; Selenium = 17.7 [7.7, 40.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [5.8, 107.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.797 [0.502, 1.298] mg/100g (wet weight);
