分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
燕魟科 (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 1 - 300 m (Ref. 4440). 亞熱帶的; 60°N - 36°S, 32°W - 58°E
Eastern Atlantic: Madeira, Morocco and the Canary Islands north to the western coasts of Ireland and British Isles and the southwestern North Sea, south to Natal, South Africa. Also throughout the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島, 摩洛哥與加納利群島北至愛爾蘭的西海岸，而且英國人成為島嶼，而且北海西南方, 南至南非的納塔爾。 也在地中海各處。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 183 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4440); 最大體重: 14.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
A plain eagleray with a short, rounded snout; disc with broadly angular corners, and upper or lower jaw usually with 7 rows of plate-like teeth (Ref. 5578). Brown or blackish dorsally, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). No caudal fin (Ref. 5578).
一個單色的鷹魟具有一個短，圓形的吻; 寬廣地體盤有稜角，而且上頜或下頜通常有 7 列的板狀齒。 (參考文獻 5578) 褐色或黑色的背面, 腹側白色的.(參考文獻 5578) 沒有尾鰭.(參考文獻 5578)
Found in shallow lagoons (Ref. 3965), bays and estuaries; also offshore down to at least 95 m (Ref. 5578). Often found in groups (Ref. 5578). Feeds on benthic crustaceans, mollusks and fish. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period of 6-8 months, the females give birth to 3-7 young (Ref. 35388). Caught by shore and ski-boat anglers, usually released after capture (Ref. 5578). Flesh is highly esteemed (Ref. 3965).
發現於潟湖淺灘 (參考文獻 3965) ，海灣與河口了; 也外海向下至至少 95 公尺.(參考文獻 5578) 經常被成群發現。 (參考文獻 5578) 吃底棲的甲殼動物，軟體動物與魚。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 6-8個月的妊娠期, 雌性對 3-7個幼魚生產.(參考文獻 35388) 被海岸與雪橇船垂釣者捕獲了, 通常釋放在抓取之後.(參考文獻 5578) 肉是深受喜愛的。 (參考文獻 3965)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東大西洋: 馬得拉群島, 摩洛哥與加納利群島北至愛爾蘭的西海岸，而且英國人成為島嶼，而且北海西南方, 南至南非的納塔爾。 也在地中海各處。
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Myliobatididae. p. 67-70. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4440)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
極危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 04 August 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.7 - 19.8, mean 15.2 °C (based on 318 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00119 - 0.01269), b=3.08 (2.83 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.54 [0.80, 118.48] mg/100g; Iron = 0.508 [0.046, 6.020] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [15.1, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.068, 0.558] g/100g; Selenium = 36.1 [6.7, 193.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.95 [0.36, 41.63] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.492 [0.030, 5.489] mg/100g (wet weight);
