分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 20 - 300 m (Ref. 28016). ; 32°N - 28°S
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea south to Mossel Bay, South Africa and east to India and Sri Lanka.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 34.6, range 35 - 45 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3507)
背棘 (總數) : 11 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Silvery with faint, red crossbars; dead specimens almost white or purple.
Found over rocky substrates of coastal waters. Juveniles stay in sheltered areas of estuaries (Ref. 5213). Large specimens caught from the shore only when seas are rough (Ref. 3198). Marketed fresh, whole or dried.
Also reported as a 'rudimentary hermaphrodite' or 'late gonochorist' where individuals posses an immature intersexual gonad but mature as either male or female fish with no eveidence of sexual reversal (Ref. 28504).
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.8 - 27.7, mean 23.9 °C (based on 306 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01217 - 0.01566), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.07-0.18; tmax=22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [12.9, 43.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.467 [0.255, 0.927] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.149 [0.093, 0.244] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [25.2, 92.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68.3 [19.5, 227.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.72, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
