分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes)
鱸形目 (Surgeonfishes) >
Leiognathidae (Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes)
鰏科 (Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes) > Leiognathinae
Etymology: Leiognathus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的; 深度上下限 10 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 30°N - 36°S, 27°E - 170°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa (including Reunion, Comoros, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius) to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海, 波斯灣與東非 (包括留尼旺島，科摩洛，塞錫爾群島 , 馬達加斯加與模里西斯) 到斐濟, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 10.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 18.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 47581)
背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 15. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body very deep, compressed, with a strongly humped back; body depth 1.7-1.9 times in standard length; mouth pointing downward when protracted; gill rakers short and fleshy, less than 1/2 length of corresponding gill lamellae, total gill rakers on first gill arch 18-22; head and breast scaleless; tubed scales on lateral line 61-66. Colour of adults, back greyish, belly silvery and many parallel close-set faint bars on back; usually a dark brown saddle on caudal peduncle; axil of pectoral fins grey to black; margin of soft dorsal fin black; both caudal-fin lobes with broad dusky margins; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins colourless to yellowish. In juveniles (5-7 cm TL), thin, closely arranged, grey vertical lines descending from back to about midheight; membrane between anal-fin spines conspicuously yellow; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes pale yellow and dusky; other fins hyaline; snout dotted black (Ref. 47581).
身體縱深有短的圓形吻與大的眼.(參考文獻 48635) 身體銀色的; 尾梗有一個小的褐色鞍狀斑; 臀鰭淡黃色的; 背鰭透明。 強烈弓形的背面。 裸露的頭部; 有頸背的棘。 伸長的嘴巴分向朝下。
Found in river mouths and muddy inshore areas (Ref. 2847, 37816), often in mangrove areas (Ref. 48635). Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms, usually between depths of 10-70 meters. Juveniles are commonly found in mangrove estuaries and tidal creeks, sometimes entering the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). Adults move in schools. Frequently ascend into freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12693). Active by day (Ref. 12693). Feed on polychaetes, small crustaceans, small fishes (Ref. 30573) and worms (Ref. 12693). Important food fish in the tropics (Ref. 4376). Caught near the bottom with bottom trawls, set nets, push nets, dip nets, and beach seines. In Indian waters, schools near the surface during April-May when caught with drift gill nets. Larger specimens sorted for human consumption and marketed fresh or dried-salted, but surplus fish used to feed ducks, converted to fishmeal, or discarded (Ref. 47581).
發現於河口與泥濘的近海區域 (參考文獻 2847,37816)., 常見於紅樹林區域中。 (參考文獻 48635) 成魚是海岸的棲居動物發現於軟質底部., 通常在深度 10-70 公尺之間。 稚魚是普遍發現於紅樹林河口與潮汐的小溪, 有時進入淡水溪流的下面範圍.(參考文獻 44894) 成魚移動成群。 時常上溯進入河的淡水範圍。 (參考文獻 12693) 活躍的白天.(參考文獻 12693) 捕食多毛類動物，小型甲殼動物 , 小魚 (參考文獻 30573) 與蠕蟲。 (參考文獻 12693) 在熱帶中的重要食用魚.(參考文獻 4376) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.或乾燥的.(參考文獻 12484)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海, 波斯灣與東非 (包括留尼旺島，科摩洛，塞錫爾群島 , 馬達加斯加與模里西斯) 到斐濟, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 July 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1800 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01182 - 0.01937), b=3.09 (3.02 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.35-1.88).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 209 [112, 444] mg/100g; Iron = 1.6 [0.9, 2.9] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.12, 0.41] g/100g; Selenium = 73.2 [37.7, 156.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.83 [2.57, 24.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [1.02, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
