Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); amphidromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 100 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 30°N - 30°S
Indo-West Pacific: from India to Papua New Guinea; north to Japan; south to Australia,
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 9.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 12260); common length : 15.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5450); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 2.30 Tahun (Ref. 4544)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 14; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 24. This species of the Leiognathus splendens complex is distinguished by the following characters: no scales on cheek; anterior dorsolateral body surface almost completely scaled without a semicircular naked area on nape; lower margin of inner preopercular ridge is smooth or weakly serrated (including the neotype); interspace of pelvic keels without scales; second spines of dorsal and anal fins are robust (width of second spines of dorsal and anal fins 0.87-1.6% of SL and 0.76-1.7% of SL, respectively); a jet black blotch on spinous dorsal fin (Ref. 75583).
This schooling species inhabits coastal waters. It feeds on fish, crustaceans, foraminiferans, and bivalves (Ref. 5213). The annotated bibliography of Leiognathidae by Pauly and Wade-Pauly (Ref. 4961) includes 172 references pertaining explicitly to Leiognathus splendens.
Lipid stored in muscles, liver and intestine decreased during gonadal maturation and following spawning (Ref. 3655).
Kimura, S., T. Ito, T. Peristiwady, Y. Iwatsuki, T. Yoshino and P.N. Dunlap, 2005. The Leiognathus splendens complex (Perciformes: Leignothidae) with the description of a new species, Leiognathus kupanensis kimura and Peristiwady. Ichthyol. Res. 52 (3):275-291. (Ref. 75583)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1680 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01578 - 0.02523), b=2.96 (2.90 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 (1.0 - 1.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 22
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.33-1.60; tm=1; tmax=2.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 301 [127, 1,001] mg/100g; Iron = 1.94 [0.82, 4.73] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.3, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.231 [0.128, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 125 [48, 357] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.78 [0.90, 27.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.33 [1.09, 4.14] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
