Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); amphidromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 150 m (Ref. 4376). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 29°N - 33°S, 28°E - 149°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa to Australia, New Caledonia and Tahiti.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 7.9, range 8 - 9.1 cm
Max length : 11.3 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 7050); common length : 8.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3424)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 14. Body silvery. Naked head; with nuchal spine. Mouth strongly oblique; nostrils situated above eyes (Ref. 48635). Protracted mouth pointing upward; Tip of maxilla reaching well below level of lower margin of eye. Body depth twice or slightly more than standard length. Lateral line ending before dorsal fin.
Schooling species found in shallow waters, usually near the bottom (Ref. 30573). Occasionally enters brackish waters (Ref. 4833, 48635). Swims in loose groups (Ref. 48635). Feeds on zooplankton including copepods, mysids, and larval fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 11441). Sold fresh and dried salted; also used for fishmeal.
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22 - 28.5, mean 27.2 °C (based on 1101 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00942 - 0.01606), b=2.99 (2.92 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.27 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=1.20-1.50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
