分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Poeciliidae (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Gambusia: Gambusia: From the Cuban term, Gambusino, which means "nothing", usually in the context of a joke or a farce. Fishing for gambusinos = when one catches nothing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr John Edwards Holbrook (1794–1871) was a zoologist and herpetologist who has been described as ‘the Father of North American Herpetology’. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 6.0 - 8.8; dH range: ? - 40; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 15°C - 35°C (Ref. 13371); 40°N - 31°N, 89°W - 74°W
Introduced worldwide in tropical and subtropical countries. North America: Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages from New Jersey south to Alabama in USA (Ref. 5723). Established throughout southern Europe (Ref. 59043). Introduced for mosquito control, but had rare to non-existing effects on mosquitoes, and negative to perhaps neutral impact on native fishes (Ref. 12217).
北美洲: 來自紐澤西州的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域南至在美國的阿拉巴馬州。 對於控制蚊子引進了許多國家, 但是在蚊子上對非現有的影響很少了, 而且在原生的魚上負面或可能沒有衝擊.(參考文獻 12217) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.7 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59105); 8.0 cm TL (female); 最大年龄: 1.00 年 (Ref. 126182)
背棘 (总数) : 1; 背的软条 (总数) : 7; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 9.
Adults occur in standing to slow-flowing water, mostly in vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and quiet pools of steams (Ref. 5723), typically seen shoaling at the edges (Ref. 44894). They also frequent brackish water (Ref. 5723). Adults feed on small terrestrial insects usually in the drift and amongst aquatic plants, actively selecting very small prey (Ref. 6154). Also observed to take in mosquito larvae (Ref. 41168). Introduced worldwide. Introductions to Europe have seriously threatened many endemic species (Ref. 59043). It is now widely accepted that their effect has been minimal and even may have exacerbated the problem due to their voracious appetite for natural invertebrate predators of mosquito larvae (Ref. 44894).
栖息于温暖的, 典型地见到在溪流与湖的边缘浅滩的静止的水域.(参考文献 44894) 吃小的陆栖昆虫通常在漂流物与在水生植物当中, 活跃地选择非常小的猎物.(参考文献 6154) 在蚊虫幼生上也为食。 (参考文献 41168) 在 1920 年代期间可能引进了澳洲, 第一当水族馆宠物, 但是很快被广泛地进入原生的水域之内释放控制蚊子族群。 广泛地它是现在一般承认的哪一他们的效果是最小的甚至可能有恶化问题为蚊虫幼生的自然无脊椎掠食者由于他们的狼吞虎咽食欲.(参考文献 44894)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Matures at 4-6 weeks; 3 generations can be produced in one year. Gestation lasts 3-4 weeks. Brood may reach up to 354 young, but is generally around 40-60 (Ref. 1672, 59043).北美洲: 來自紐澤西州的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域南至在美國的阿拉巴馬州。 對於控制蚊子引進了許多國家, 但是在蚊子上對非現有的影響很少了, 而且在原生的魚上負面或可能沒有衝擊.(參考文獻 12217) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00803 - 0.01246), b=3.19 (3.13 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tm<1; multiple spawning per year).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
