分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 50 - 300 m (Ref. 4780), usually 150 - 200 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 50°N - 28°S
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to South Africa (Ref. 4373), including the western Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: east coast of Africa (Ref. 3490); probably also in the Arabian Sea under synonyms capensis (non Pappe ?), sinuata Day and striata Boulenger.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣到南非 (參考文獻 4373), 包括地中海西部。 西印度洋: 非洲東岸;(參考文獻 3490) 可能也在同種異名 capensis 下面的阿拉伯海 (非 Pappe?), sinuata 日子與 striata Boulenger。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 23.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3593); 最大年龄: 27 年 (Ref. 127644)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 29; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 7. Juveniles with narrow oblique dark and light stripes, becoming obscure in adults (Ref. 4373).
稚鱼有狭窄的斜深色的与淡色条纹, 变成暗当成鱼时.(参考文献 4373)
Found in mud and sandy bottoms of the shelf and upper slope (Ref. 4780), 14° to 15° C (Ref. 36731). Feed on small shrimps, worms and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 4780). Sold fresh and dried salted (Ref. 3490).
发现于泥与大陆架与上层斜坡 (参考文献 4780) 的砂质底部， 15个 ° C 的 14个 °了。 (参考文献 36731) 吃小的虾，蠕虫与其他的底栖无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 4780) 生鲜贩卖了与乾燥盐腌.(参考文献 3490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 比斯開灣到南非 (參考文獻 4373), 包括地中海西部。 西印度洋: 非洲東岸;(參考文獻 3490) 可能也在同種異名 capensis 下面的阿拉伯海 (非 Pappe?), sinuata 日子與 striata Boulenger。
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.9 - 19.7, mean 15 °C (based on 71 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00552 - 0.01313), b=3.13 (3.00 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.26).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.82, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53.3 [29.8, 106.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.470, 1.611] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.4, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.337 [0.202, 0.525] g/100g; Selenium = 41.3 [22.7, 76.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.26 [2.87, 26.43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.631 [0.450, 0.913] mg/100g (wet weight);
