分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 164 m (Ref. 9494). ; 34°N - 4°N
Western Pacific: South China Sea north to China and Japan (Ref. 9774); also from the Philippines (Ref. 4537).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9774); common length : 22.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9774); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 72462)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 77 - 89; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 60 - 69; 脊椎骨: 37 - 39. Body brownish, a distinct ocellus at junction of straight and curved parts of lateral line. Many dark rings scattered on body, many dark spots on median fins. A line connecting base of dorsal-fin ray and posterior nostril on eyed side passes behind posterior end of maxilla, or crosses its posterior part. Gill rakers moderately long and slender. Soft ray count of pectoral fin refers to that on ocular side (Ref 9774).
Inhabits mud and sand bottoms of shallow coasts or bays (Ref. 9774, 11230, 48637) to 164 m (Ref. 9494). Feeds on small benthic crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 9774). Also caught with small bottom trawls (Ref. 9774). Marketed mostly fresh (Ref. 9774).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. (plates). Tokai University Press, Shinjuku Tokai Building. Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (Ref. 711)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 13 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.8 - 27.4, mean 23.9 °C (based on 197 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00337 - 0.01237), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.31).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).