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Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ Sống nổi và đáy; di cư trong nước ngọt (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 1 - ? m (Ref. 9987). Tropical; 34°N - 4°N
Asia: Thailand to Viet Nam. Introduced to China, Malaysia, Guam and the Philippines.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9987); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 45.0 kg (Ref. 9987)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0. Distinguished from Southeast Asian congeners by an extremely short and rounded occipital process and by a very high dorsal fin. The combination of these characters are diagnostic for the species (Ref. 33566). Occipital process wide, broadly curved, with length 3-5 times in its width; distance between dorsal and occipital process 5-7 times in distance from tip of snout to end of occipital process (Ref. 43281).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Lives in lowland wetlands and rivers (Ref. 57235). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Occurs in shallow, open water and is capable of lying buried in mud for lengthy period if ponds and lakes evaporate during dry seasons (Ref. 9987). Can move out of the water using its extended fins (Ref. 9987). Found in medium to large-sized rivers, stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals and flooded fields of the Mekong (Ref. 12975). Spawns in small streams (Ref. 9987). Feeds on aquatic insects, young shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 6459). In Thailand, it was thought wrongly as female of Clarias batrachus (Ref 2686). Important foodfish and in pond cultures (Ref. 57235). Marketed live, fresh and frozen; consumed fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Cultivated on a small scale but attempts to farm it are increasing (Ref. 9987).
Eggs are attached to the roots of plants. Male takes charge of these eggs until they are hatched out.
Teugels, G.G., R.C. Diego, L. Pouyaud and M. Legendre, 1999. Redescription of Clarias macrocephalus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) from South-East Asia. Cybium 23(3):285-295. (Ref. 33566)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; Nuôi trồng thủy sản: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00452 - 0.01601), b=2.97 (2.81 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Assuming tm=1; Fec=800-14,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.9 [7.6, 71.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.76 [0.42, 1.38] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [15.4, 17.5] %; Omega3 = 0.114 [0.052, 0.270] g/100g; Selenium = 111 [45, 288] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.1 [5.4, 48.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.565 [0.400, 0.811] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
