分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 100 m (Ref. 9710). 热带; 24°C - ? (Ref. 2160); 35°N - 30°S, 99°E - 178°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: from Western Australia, eastward to the Caroline Islands and Fiji: from southern Japan to Australia (Queensland); also recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Often misidentified as Plectropomus maculatus.
西太平洋: 日本南部到澳洲 (昆士兰省与西澳大利亚) 而且向东至加罗林群岛与斐济。 最近从东加记录。 (参考文献 53797) 时常被误鉴成 斑鳃棘鲈〔Plectropomus maculatus〕 。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 37.3, range 21 - 60 cm
Max length : 120 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6390); common length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. ); 最大体重: 23.6 kg (Ref. 6390); 最大年龄: 26 年 (Ref. 3639)
背棘 (总数) : 7 - 8; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 12; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII,11; A III,8; pectoral rays 14-17 (modally 16); lateral line scales 89-99, in longitudinal series 112-127 scales; interorbital space no embedded scales; gill rakers on first gill arch developed 1-3 + 6-10; front of jaws with a pair of large canine teeth and side of lower jaw with 1-4 large canines; body elongate, its greatest depth 2.9-3.6 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pectoral fins 2.0-2.3 in HL; pelvic fins 2.0-2.4 in HL; Head, body and fins with numerous blue spots on red, pale grey or olive to dark brown background; caudal fin with a narrow white posterior margin except near the corners; juveniles (< 5 cm) brown on upper 2/3 of side with scattered blue spots, broad whitish stripe from eye to caudal fin base, white on lower head and yellowish ventrally on side (Ref. 4787, 54980, 90102).
颜色活着时橄榄色的到红褐色的, 腹侧灰白的有很多的细小圆, 在头部与身体 (除了低的胸部与腹部以外) 与胸鳍基底上的黑色边的蓝色斑点; 只有 Plectropomus 眼的周围具有一个接近完整蓝色的环。 尾鳍有在后面的一个不明显的深色条纹通常边缘有一条白色的线看得见的沿着鳍的后缘的中央。 圆形的前鳃盖骨,腹地下缘有 3-4根向前及向上的棘。 没有鳞片在眼之间也不在吻上。 在纵向的系列中的 112-127个鳞片。 背鳍与臀鳍软鳍条不延长到一个前面的叶内了。 臀鳍有凸状外缘。 附注: (TL, 公分)=0.97+1.22;(SL, 公分) n=426.(参考文献 1450)
Inhabit coral-rich areas of lagoon reefs and mid-shelf reefs (Ref. 6390, 48635). Solitary (Ref. 90102). Inactive at night, hiding under ledges (Ref. 9710). Juveniles have a demersal existence in shallow water in reef habitats, especially around coral rubble (Ref. 27259). Adults feed mainly on fish (Ref. 6390), juveniles feed on small fish and invertebrates such as crustaceans and squid (Ref. 27261). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Form several spawning aggregations on a reef occurring around the new moon (Ref. 27259). Eggs float just below the surface (Ref. 6390). Larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6390). P. leopardus is used in cage culture; P. maculatus in Ref. 3081 was probably a mixture of P. maculatus and P. leopardus; the Plectropomus sp. used for the experiments reported in Capra et al., 1988 (Ref. 4719) consisted predominantly of P. leopardus, with some P. maculatus (M.F. Capra, pers. comm.). On the Great Barrier Reef, its maximum lifespan is 14 years (Ref. 37816).
栖息于舄湖礁与中层大陆棚的礁珊瑚丰富的区域。 (参考文献 6390,48635) 不活跃的在晚上, 藏岩架下.(参考文献 9710) 稚鱼有一个在礁石栖地中的浅水区中的底栖生存, 尤其在珊瑚残砾周围.(参考文献 27259) 成鱼主要捕食鱼。 (参考文献 6390) 稚鱼吃小鱼与无脊椎动物例如甲壳动物与乌贼。 (参考文献 27261) 一个雌性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 55367) 形成一些一个礁上产卵群集发生于新月期左右。 (参考文献 27259) 卵飘浮紧邻水面下。 (参考文献 6390) 仔魚是大洋性的。 (參考文獻 6390) P. leopardus 被用於箱籠養殖; P. maculatus 參考文獻 3081 可能是 P. maculatus 與 P. leopardus 的一個混合; Plectropomus sp. 用來了 P. leopardus 組成主要的在參考文獻 4719 被報告的實驗, 有一些 P. maculatus(M.F. Capra ， pers. comm.)。 在大堡礁上，它的最大壽命是 14 年。 (參考文獻 37816)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A monandric species (Ref. 55367) but now confirmed for diandry (Ref. 103751). Estimated size at sex change occurs at 32.1 cm TL and 16 years of age (Ref. 55367).
Courtship behavior: a male approaches 1 or more females from behind, changing color from dark brown to brownish white while the edges of median fins remained dark. As the male gets near, it flicks its dorsal and pelvic fins eliciting a mild lateral display from the female. The male rolls onto its side and shakes from side to side as its abdomen passes the female. Takes 15 seconds (Ref. 2160).西太平洋: 日本南部到澳洲 (昆士兰省与西澳大利亚) 而且向东至加罗林群岛与斐济。 最近从东加记录。 (参考文献 53797) 时常被误鉴成 斑鳃棘鲈〔Plectropomus maculatus〕 。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1194 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01080 - 0.01338), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=26; Fec=457,900).
Prior r = 0.71, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.06, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.9 [13.0, 35.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.476 [0.259, 0.771] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.0, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.092, 0.216] g/100g; Selenium = 46.2 [27.6, 81.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 81.1 [30.8, 253.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.663 [0.464, 0.945] mg/100g (wet weight);
