Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
; ນ້ຳຈືດ ກ່ຽວກັບ (ຢູ່)ເທິງຊັ້ນພື້ນດິນໃນທະເລເປີດ; pH range: 7.5 - ? ; dH range: 14 - ?. Tropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059)
North and Central America: Central Mexico to northern Panama, in both Pacific and Caribbean slopes.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 29.4 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 102977)
This species has the following characters: pigmented body; functional eyes; dorsal fin base 10.2-13.4% of SL; origin of adipose fin posterior to the anus; maxillary barbels extend to a point between the pectoral-fin origin and that of the pelvic fin (Ref. 108688).
Typical in highland brooks and in rivers or creeks of moderate to high current velocity, found between 35 and 1350 m elevation. Lives on sand and stone bottoms where it feeds on aquatic insects (Ref. 36880) and in caves (Ref. 27297).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Bockmann, F.A. and G.M. Guazzelli, 2003. Heptapteridae (Heptapterids). p. 406-431. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36914)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00572 - 0.01832), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຕຳ່ຫຼາຍ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າຫຼາຍກວ່າ 14 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
