分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Loricariidae (Armored catfishes)
甲鯰科 (Armored catfishes) > Hypoptopomatinae
Etymology: Kronichthys: Because of Mr. Ricard Krone (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Sigismund Ernst Richard (Ricardo) Krone (1861–1917) was born in Dresden, Germany, but left there for Brazil (1884), settling in Iguape where he opened a pharmacy. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 20°C - 24°C (Ref. 13614)
South America: Ribeira de Iguape River basin.
南美洲: Ribeira de Iguape 河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 13614)
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Inhabits streams with rocky and sandy bottom, in places up to 0.8 m deep and with water flow up to 30 cm per second. Forages both during the day and at night. Grazes on microscopic algae, mostly diatoms and green algae growing on rocks and submersed vegetation. Occasionally takes chironomid and simuliid larvae, as well as tiny crustaceans. Before grazing on a patch with dense sediment, the fish makes wiggling head-down movements which raise sediment, to be blown away by the water current. When grazing algae off the substrate makes vigorous mouth movements, and moves by jerky movements probably related to its mouth making alternate grazing and attaching to the substrate. Leaves conspicuous grazing marks on exposed rocks. May re-graze a given spot by moving backwards. Density may reach about 1 fish per square meter in stream stretches shaded by the forest and 2.5 fish per square meter in sunny stretches (Ref. 26630).
棲息於溪流有岩石的，而且沙質底部, 在地方中向上到 0.8 公尺深而且水流大於 30 公分每秒。 覓食兩者在白天期間而在夜晚。 啃食生長在岩石與生長水中的植物上的微小的藻類，大部分是矽藻與綠藻。 偶而吃寶刀魚與 simuliid 仔魚, 以及極小的甲殼動物。 在有密集沉澱物的地方上的啃食之前，魚頭部向下製造擺動蓄養沉澱物的運動, 被吹走藉由水流。 當啃食藻類在底部上作強有力的嘴運動, 而且藉著急動運動可能移動與製造交互的啃食而且吸附到底部的它的嘴有關了。 在裸露的岩石上離開顯著的啃食標誌。 可能藉由移動向後再啃食一個給定斑點。 密度可能達到被晴朗的支流的森林與每平方公尺 2.5個魚遮蔽的水流支流的大約 1個每平方公尺魚。 (參考文獻 26630)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: Ribeira de Iguape 河流域。
Burgess, W.E., 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey (USA). 784 p. (Ref. 6868)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 November 2018
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00374 - 0.01935), b=3.09 (2.90 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.1 ±0.09 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
