分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
蛇鯖科 (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Thyrsites: Greek, thyrsites, -ou = stalk of a plant, an ornament like a pine cone borne by Bacchus (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6390), usually 100 - 500 m (Ref. 6181). 亞熱帶的; 13°C - 18°C (Ref. 6181); 21°S - 56°S, 75°W - 177°E (Ref. 54924)
Southwest Atlantic: Uruguay, Argentina and Tierra del Fuego. Eastern Atlantic: Tristan da Cunha and South Africa. Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and the St. Paul and Amsterdam islands. Eastern Indian Ocean: Tasmania and southern coast of Australia. Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern coast of Australia. Southeast Pacific: southern Peru, Chile, and Tierra del Fuego.
西南大西洋: 烏拉圭，阿根廷與火地島。 東大西洋: 崔斯坦火山與南非。 西印度洋: 南非與聖保羅與阿姆斯特丹島。 東印度洋: 塔斯梅尼亞與澳洲的南部海岸。 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭與澳洲的南部海岸。 東南太平洋: 南方的祕魯，智利與火地島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 55.0, range 50 - 60 cm
Max length : 200 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3630); common length : 75.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6181); 最大體重: 6.0 kg (Ref. 6181); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 28892)
背棘 (總數) : 19 - 21; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 35. Body elongate and strongly compressed. Lateral line single, running close to the upper contour of the body below most of the first dorsal-fin base then abruptly curving ventrally. Body is dark blue, slightly paler on belly; first dorsal fin membrane black (Ref. 6181).
細長的身體與非常扁長形的。 側線然後突然地腹地彎曲，單獨地，連續在大部分的第一背鰭基底之下接近身體的上面輪廓。 身體顏色較深藍色, 些微較灰白在腹面上; 第一背鰭薄膜黑色.(參考文獻 6181)
Inhabit continental shelves or around islands. Feed on pelagic crustaceans (Euphausia, Nyctiphanes), cephalopods and fishes (Ref. 6181) like anchovy and pilchard (Ref. 36731). Form schools near the bottom or midwater; sometimes even at the surface at night (Ref. 6181). Prefers temperature between 13° and 18°C (Ref. 36731). Marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Good for fish and chips or smoking; also made into fillet or fish cake in Japan (Ref. 6181). Commonly called as Baracoutta and because it is a fast predator, several English vessels were named after it. In the UK during WW II, this canned fish was commonly eaten that many older people have an aversion to it (D. Parkyn, pers. comm. 05/2022).
棲息於大陸棚或島的周圍。 捕食大洋性的像鯷魚與沙丁魚的甲殼動物 ( Euphausia, Nyctiphanes) ，頭足類動物與魚 (參考文獻 6181) 。 (參考文獻 36731) 在底部或中層水域的附近形成魚群; 有時甚至在水表面在晚上.(參考文獻 6181) 偏愛在 13個 ° 與 18 °C 之間的溫度。 (參考文獻 36731) 在市場上銷售生鮮、煙燻、罐裝及冷凍; 油炸後食用, 火烤了, 微波了而且燒烤了。 (參考文獻 9988) 對於魚與薄片是好的或煙燻; 在日本也製成魚排或魚肉炸餅。 (參考文獻 6181)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning patterns are complex, with different stock spawning at different times of the year (Ref. 6390).西南大西洋: 烏拉圭，阿根廷與火地島。 東大西洋: 崔斯坦火山與南非。 西印度洋: 南非與聖保羅與阿姆斯特丹島。 東印度洋: 塔斯梅尼亞與澳洲的南部海岸。 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭與澳洲的南部海岸。 東南太平洋: 南方的祕魯，智利與火地島。
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.2 - 16, mean 11.2 °C (based on 285 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00242 - 0.00788), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=10).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.5 [13.2, 49.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.697 [0.342, 1.400] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.7, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.225 [0.130, 0.402] g/100g; Selenium = 67.6 [33.5, 135.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.26 [2.93, 23.72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.541 [0.382, 0.784] mg/100g (wet weight);
