分類 / Names
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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Eponymy: In Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire from heaven to give to mankind: for which he was bound to a rock where an eagle was sent to feed upon his liver (which then grew back, to be devoured anew the next day). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海 底生の漂泳性; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 80 - 800 m (Ref. 2683), usually 300 - 400 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 50°N - 36°S, 180°W - 180°E
Tropical and warm temperate waters of all oceans, but absent from eastern Pacific except at Sala y Gomez Ridge.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 47.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 6181); common length : 40.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3403)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 18 - 20; 背鰭 (合計) : 17 - 20; 肛門の骨: 2 - 3; 臀鰭: 15 - 17. Body moderately elongate. Mouth with fang-like teeth. Spinescent gill rakers on the first arch with 1 - 3 cusps and many small spines; the angular raker long and triple-rooted. Body entirely scaled at over 20 - 25 cm SL. Pyloric caeca 7 or 8. Color is grayish to copper brown; fins blackish at over 40 cm SL, yellowish with black tips in smaller specimens (the first dorsal fin with a black blotch on two anteriormost membranes); the buccal and branchial cavities are black. Pelvic fin reduced to one spine that becomes entirely absent in specimens more than 40 cm SL.
Found at continental slopes, around oceanic islands and submarine rises (Ref. 6181). Meso-benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Migrate to midwater at night (Ref. 6181). Feed on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6181). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6766).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Probably spawns throughout the year in warmer seas.
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人間に対する脅威
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
Human uses
水産業: 食糧水産; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 餌: usually
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 16.5, mean 11.1 °C (based on 329 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00223 - 0.00591), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.17-0.18; tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.6 [15.0, 65.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.62 [0.29, 1.21] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.255 [0.146, 0.444] g/100g; Selenium = 60.5 [27.5, 122.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [3.6, 42.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.55 [0.38, 0.82] mg/100g (wet weight);
