分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335); straeleni: Named after V. Van Straelen, director of IRSNB, Belgium (Ref. 377).
Eponymy: Professor Victor Émile van Straelen (1889–1964) was a Belgian geologist, palaeontologist, carcinologist and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Poll.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 80 - 800 m (Ref. 11284), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 26999). 熱帶; 15°N - 30°S
Eastern Atlantic: Rio de Oro, Western Sahara to South Africa.
東大西洋: 里奧德奧羅，西撒哈拉到南非。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 67.0 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 377); 最大體重: 1.4 kg
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
A black-spotted skate with a blunt, angular snout, a long, stout tail, and a broad angular disc; strong thorns on upper surface of disc and tail at all stages, sometimes on underside in large individuals (Ref. 5578). Brown to grey dorsally, with small to large black spots, whorls and blotches; many with gold and black, traversely oblong eyespot on each pectoral base; white ventrally with no dark pores (Ref. 5578). Juveniles have no dark spots above (Ref. 2708).
一個有黑色斑點的魟魚具有一個鈍的, 有角的吻，一個長又矮胖的尾部 , 與一個寬的有角體盤; 在體盤上表面與尾部上的強的刺根本階段, 有時在下面上較大時個體.(參考文獻 5578) 褐色到灰色的背面, 藉由小型到大型的黑色斑點，螺紋與斑塊; 大多有黃金與黑色, 在每個胸鰭基底上的橫跨長方形眼斑; 腹側白色的沒有深色的孔.(參考文獻 5578) 稚魚背面沒有深色斑點.(參考文獻 2708)
Found in shallow enclosed bays and on the slope (Ref. 5578). Feeds on invertebrates, bony fishes and fish offal. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Caught by shore and ski-boat anglers and by hake trawlers. Pectoral fins sold as 'skate wings' (Ref. 5578). Undergoes regular migration, towards the coast during the warm season and towards deep waters in winter (Ref. 5377).
發現於封閉的淺水灣了與在斜坡上.(參考文獻 5578) 吃無脊椎動物，硬骨魚類與魚碎肉。 卵生的.(參考文獻 50449) 卵有在貝殼上的像觸角一樣的突出。 (參考文獻 205) 被海岸與雪橇船垂釣者捕獲了與藉著鱈魚底拖網。 胸鰭賣作了 ' 划水的翼' 。 (參考文獻 5578) 歷經一般的遷移, 在溫暖的季節期間向海岸與向深的水域冬天時.(參考文獻 5377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).東大西洋: 里奧德奧羅，西撒哈拉到南非。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 04 August 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.2 - 15.7, mean 12.3 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00227 - 0.00581), b=3.21 (3.08 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
