分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 6790), usually 30 - 60 m (Ref. 6790). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 16°S, 14°E - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar to the Gulf of Guinea; probably further south. Known from the Mediterranean (Ref. 231).
東大西洋: 直布羅陀到幾內亞灣; 可能更南方。 已知來自地中海了。 (參考文獻 231)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6790)
Found on sand and mud bottoms on the continental shelf from shoreline to a depth of about 150 m (Ref. 6790). Oviparous (Ref. 4675). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
棲息於來自海岸線到深度大約 150 公尺的在大陸棚上的沙與泥底部了。 (參考文獻 6790)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 直布羅陀到幾內亞灣; 可能更南方。 已知來自地中海了。 (參考文獻 231)
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2014
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 24.4, mean 17.3 °C (based on 140 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00558 - 0.01492), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 5.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.9 [38.8, 120.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.941 [0.582, 1.495] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.6, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.399 [0.268, 0.594] g/100g; Selenium = 28.8 [14.9, 55.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [5.0, 40.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.626 [0.461, 0.873] mg/100g (wet weight);
