Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman ? - 150 m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 24°N - 19°S, 107°W - 80°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico to Peru (Ref. 97056). Not recorded in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 43.0 range ? - 45 cm
Max length : 78.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 114953)
Benthic species of continental shelf on rocky and sandy bottoms to depths of 150 m. It is a night feeder, mainly on small fishes and prawns (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size of males at ca. 47 cm TL, females at ca. 45 cm TL. Species born at ca. 18 cm TL. It is a likely bycatch of gillnet and prawn trawl fisheries (Ref. 114953).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Acero, A.P. and R. Franke, 1995. Nuevos registros de peces cartilaginosos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Pacífico Colombiano), II. Rayas y descripción de una nueva especie. Biblioteca Jose Jeronimo Triana (11):9-21. (Ref. 13259)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan:
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00267 - 0.01964), b=3.00 (2.77 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
