Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: Bathyraja: Greek, bathys = deep + Latin, raja, -ae = a ray (Raja sp) (Ref. 45335); maculata: Name from the Latin adjective 'maculata' meaning blotched, referring to the color markings on the dorsal side of the disc.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien bathydemersaal; diepte 70 - 1200 m (Ref. 131164), usually 400 - 700 m (Ref. 131164). Deep-water; 2°C - 6°C (Ref. 131164); 59°N - 51°N
North Pacific: southern Sea of Okhotsk to the eastern Gulf of Alaska, including the Bering Sea, the waters off the Kuril and Aleutian Islands, and eastern Kamchatka.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 97.5, range 94 - 101 cm
Max length : 134 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 52075); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 8.5 kg (Ref. 56527)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
This species is distinguished from its congeners Bathyraja in having a white blotches of different sizes on the dorsal surface of the disk, lateral folds of tail are broad; clasper has a large pseudosiphon; dense silky fibers covering egg capsule (Ref. 75535).
Exhibited migratory pattern of going toward greater depths during colder months for overwintering, while in the warm period, this species predominantly fed at shallower depths Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.19 cm long and 6.28 cm wide (Ref. 41249).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.3 - 3.8, mean 2 °C (based on 27 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00331 (0.00285 - 0.00385), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 30.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).