sub class Elasmobranchii (ฉลามและกระเบน) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: Sympterygia: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte (originally Jules Laurent Lucien) (1803–1857) was a nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and a renowned biologist and zoologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; ระดับความลึก ? - 150 m (Ref. 54460). Temperate; 32°S - 44°S
Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 27540). Southwest Atlantic: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil to Rawson, Argentina.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 64 - ? cm
Max length : 63.0 cm WD เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 26408)
Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 8.1 cm long and 4.6 cm wide (Ref. 41249). A common by-catch in the coastal and continental shelf bottom-trawl fisheries of the Argentine-Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone; also fished extensively by bottom longline (Ref. 54460).
Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 16.4, mean 12.1 °C (based on 114 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00352 - 0.00517), b=3.09 (3.04 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ต่ำ, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 4.5 - 14 ปี (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.9 [2.2, 55.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.261 [0.068, 0.721] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [14, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.275, 3.072] g/100g; Selenium = 9.18 [2.90, 28.35] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [5, 52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.476 [0.229, 0.853] mg/100g (wet weight);