You can sponsor this page

Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)

Danube bleak
上傳你的 相片 和 影像
 Pictures | Google 影像
Image of Alburnus chalcoides (Danube bleak)
Alburnus chalcoides
Picture by Naseka, A.M.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Alburnus: From the city of Al Bura, where the fish was known (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 12468); 61°N - 38°N, 9°E - 55°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Europe and Asia: Caspian (mostly western to southern coast, rarely found in Ural and Volga). Populations from Aral Sea basin might belong to this species (Ref. 59043). Reported from the Black Sea basin (Ref. 58342).
歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。 分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 黑海流域: 保加利亞 (Veleka 流域) ，土耳其 (Resowska 流域).(參考文獻 59043) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); common length :28 cm TL (female)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

脊椎骨: 42 - 45. Diagnosed from its congeners in Caspian and Black Sea basin by having the following characters: anal fin origin about 1½ -2½ scales behind last branched dorsal ray; lateral line with 54-65 + 4-5 scales; anal fin rays with 13-15½ branched rays; 18-23 gill rakers; ventral keel exposed for 8-12 scales in front of anus (up to almost 80% of distance between anus and pelvic base); head length 20-24% SL; predorsal length 52-56% SL; caudal peduncle depth 1.9-2.4 times in its length; nuptial males with few, large tubercles; lacking dark midlateral stripe. Morphology is variable which has been considered to be an adaptation to different habitats, but data suggest that this is probably due to several species being confused under this species (Ref. 59043).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabit lower reaches of rives, coastal lakes, estuaries, and brackish areas of sea. Occur close to surface and tolerate salinities up to 14 ppt. Adults predominantly prey on planktonic crustaceans, terrestrial insects and small fish while larvae and young juveniles feed on zooplankton, algae and insect larvae. Spawn in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Landlocked populations found in reservoirs spawn in reservoir tributaries (Ref. 59043). Eastern populations migrate upstream for spawning (Ref. 13696). Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring. Due to dam constructions, almost all long-distance migrating populations lost as they were unable to reach spawning sites. Survive in small water courses and as landlocked populations in some reservoirs. Populations are expected to decline and to further decline due to expanding hydroelectric development and strong ecological impacts on Caspian sea (Ref. 59043).

成魚吃浮游生物與昆蟲, 較少在小型底棲的動物上。 東方族群向上游移動進行產卵.(參考文獻 13696) 仔魚與年幼的稚魚吃浮游動物，藻類與昆蟲幼生。 (參考文獻 59043)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。 分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 黑海流域: 保加利亞 (Veleka 流域) ，土耳其 (Resowska 流域).(參考文獻 59043) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | FishSource |

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
食物相
食性組成
食物消耗量
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生態學
Population dynamics
成長參數
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
長度-頻率
Mass conversion
入添量
豐度
Life cycle
繁殖
成熟度
Maturity/Gills rel.
孕卵數
產卵場
Spawning aggregations
卵
卵發育
仔魚
稚魚動力學
Distribution
國家
FAO區域
生態系
發現紀錄
簡介
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
鰓區
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
耗氧量
游泳類型
游泳速度
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
遺傳學
Heterozygosity
遺傳率
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水產養殖描述
品種
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
合作者
Taxonomy
俗名
同種異名
型態特徵
形態測量圖
照片
References
參考文獻

工具

E-book | 野外調查 | 長度- 頻率 Wizard | 生活- 歷史的工具 | 分布圖 | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY |

特別的報告

查看水族館維護 | 查看魚種資料頁 | 查看水產資料頁

下載 XML

摘要頁 | 點圖資料 | 俗名 | 相片

網路資源

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 屬, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因組, 核甘 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 國家資料庫 | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公眾的水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: 去, 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00518 - 0.00733), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.41 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-5; tmax=9; K=0.10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (63 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.