分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 50 - 190 m (Ref. 36453), usually 70 - 100 m (Ref. 43588). 亞熱帶的; 34°S - 47°S
Southwest Atlantic: Brazil to Argentina.
西南大西洋: 巴西到阿根廷。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 43588); 38.0 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 456.14 g (Ref. 102462)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 79 - 92; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 65 - 72; 脊椎骨: 38 - 39. Caudal fin double truncate (Ref. 27363). Almost wholly ambicolorate, the blind side is darkly pigmented except for the anterior portion of the body which has dark pigments only on the opercle, subopercle, a small region adjacent and dorsal to the head, and the distal half of the pectoral fin; two lighter pigmented areas were present on the unpigmented dorsal region of the head. The blind side had one of the 3 typical ocelli (upper one) in the same position with that of the ocular side (Ref. 34245).
尾鰭加倍截形.(參考文獻 27363) 幾乎整個 ambicolorate, 沒有眼睛的一邊暗被有顏色除了有的身體的前部深色的只有在鰓蓋，子鰓蓋上, 小的區域毗連而背部的到頭部, 與末梢部一半的胸鰭; 二個顏色淡的著色區域是位於頭部的沒有顏色背部區域之上。 沒有眼睛的一邊以有眼睛的一邊在相同的位置中有了 3 之一典型的假眼斑 (上面的) 。 (參考文獻 34245)
Prefers hard or sandy substrates, rarely on mud (Ref. 43588). Feeds on fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 36453).
偏愛堅硬或沙的底部，很少在泥上。 (參考文獻 43588) 吃魚與頭足類動物。 (參考文獻 36453)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西南大西洋: 巴西到阿根廷。
Nakamura, I., T. Inada, M. Takeda and H. Hatanaka, 1986. Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo. 369 p. (Ref. 27363)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.6 - 10.1, mean 7.9 °C (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00275 - 0.00873), b=3.19 (3.04 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
