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Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة; محيطية. Tropical; 38°N - 37°S, 22°E - 153°W
Indo-Pacific: Mossel Bay in South Africa, to the Red Sea and India, possibly to western Pacific (Ref. 3968).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4967); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 20 - 27; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 14 - 18.
Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832) [actual freshwater records remain to be confirmed]. Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Edible, but not tasty and full of bones (Ref. 3968). A total length of 126 cm for this species has been reported from Knysna, South Africa (G. Bernardt, pers. comm., e-mail: gerard@smallstreams.com) .
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Smith, M.M., 1986. Elopidae. p. 155-156. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3968)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.7 - 28.4, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1366 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00513 - 0.00892), b=2.99 (2.91 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).