Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ. Subtropical; 25°S - 35°S, 18°E - 34°E
Western Indian Ocean: Inhaca Island, Mozambique to False Bay, South Africa (Ref. 4371).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm 30.0, range 27 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9403); common length : 18.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9403); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 2.6 kg (Ref. 4362)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 6 - 8; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 20 - 25; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 23 - 26.
Inhabits coastal waters with rocky substrate. Feeds on algae and the associated invertebrates (Ref. 5213).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 25, mean 21.9 °C (based on 61 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00740 - 0.03723), b=3.01 (2.81 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.25 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.22; tmax=10, but probably greater).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.5 [42.3, 129.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.59, 1.73] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.4, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.14, 0.36] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [12.1, 50.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.24 [2.05, 24.89] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.76 [0.54, 1.11] mg/100g (wet weight);