Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 170 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 30°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Southeast Atlantic: East London, South Africa (Ref. 5372).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9710); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 9 Tahun (Ref. 72479)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 14; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 20 - 25; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 17 - 20.
Nocturnal species that is usually in pairs or small groups in shallow reef flats of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of over 30 m. Juvenile occurs among rocks of inner reef flats and in tide pools (Ref. 205). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Adult feeds mainly on nudibranchs, tubeworm tentacles, and other benthic invertebrates, also feeds on algae and coral polyps. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Forms pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Chaetodontidae. p. 627-632. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5372)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 1986 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01133 - 0.04632), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 76.6 [39.1, 126.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.422, 1.206] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.143 [0.085, 0.239] g/100g; Selenium = 43.8 [23.6, 80.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.1 [14.7, 174.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.15 [0.78, 1.66] mg/100g (wet weight);
